School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China.
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Sep 15;333:122034. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122034. Epub 2023 Jun 18.
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) harm the ecosystem and human health, especially in urban areas. Identifying and understanding their potential sources and underlying interactions in urban soils are critical for informed management and risk assessment. This study investigated the potential sources and the spatially varying relationships between 9 PTEs and PAHs in the topsoil of Dublin by combining positive matrix factorisation (PMF) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The PMF model allocated four possible sources based on species concentrations and uncertainties. The factor profiles indicated the associations with high-temperature combustion (PAHs), natural lithologic factors (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni), mineralisation and mining (Zn), as well as anthropogenic inputs (Cu, Hg, Pb), respectively. In addition, selected representative elements Cr, Zn, and Pb showed distinct spatial interactions with PAHs in the GWR model. Negative relationships between PAHs and Cr were observed in all samples, suggesting the control of Cr concentrations by natural factors. Negative relationships between PAHs and Zn in the eastern and north-eastern regions were related to mineralisation and anthropogenic Zn-Pb mining. In contrast, the surrounding regions exhibited a natural relationship between these two variables with positive coefficients. Increasing positive coefficients from west to east were observed between PAHs and Pb in the study area. This special pattern was consistent with prevailing south-westerly wind direction in Dublin, highlighting the predominant influences on PAHs and Pb concentrations from vehicle and coal combustion through atmospheric deposition. Our results provided a better understanding of geochemical features for PTEs and PAHs in the topsoil of Dublin, demonstrating the efficiency of combined approaches of receptor models and spatial analysis in environmental studies.
潜在有毒元素 (PTEs) 和多环芳烃 (PAHs) 危害生态系统和人类健康，尤其是在城市地区。识别和了解城市土壤中它们的潜在来源和潜在相互作用对于明智的管理和风险评估至关重要。本研究通过正矩阵因子化 (PMF) 和地理加权回归 (GWR) 相结合，调查了都柏林表层土壤中 9 种 PTEs 和 PAHs 的潜在来源和空间变化关系。PMF 模型根据物种浓度和不确定性分配了四个可能的来源。因子图谱表明与高温燃烧 (PAHs)、自然岩石因素 (As、Cd、Co、Cr、Ni)、矿化和采矿 (Zn) 以及人为输入 (Cu、Hg、Pb) 有关。此外，所选代表性元素 Cr、Zn 和 Pb 在 GWR 模型中与 PAHs 表现出明显的空间相互作用。在所有样本中，PAHs 与 Cr 之间存在负相关关系，表明 Cr 浓度受自然因素控制。在东部和东北部地区，PAHs 与 Zn 之间存在负相关关系，这与矿化和人为 Zn-Pb 采矿有关。相比之下，周围地区这两个变量之间存在自然关系，具有正系数。在研究区域内，PAHs 和 Pb 之间从西到东的正系数逐渐增加。这种特殊模式与都柏林盛行的西南风方向一致，突出了车辆和煤炭燃烧通过大气沉积对 PAHs 和 Pb 浓度的主要影响。我们的研究结果提供了对都柏林表层土壤中 PTEs 和 PAHs 地球化学特征的更好理解，展示了受体模型和空间分析相结合的方法在环境研究中的效率。
