Al-Ani Raid M
Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, University of Anbar, College of Medicine, Ramadi 31001, Anbar, Iraq.
World J Clin Pediatr. 2023 Jun 9;12(3):86-96. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i3.86.
Hearing loss is considered the most common birth defect. The estimated prevalence of moderate and severe hearing loss in a normal newborn is 0.1%-0.3%, while the prevalence is 2%-4% in newborns admitted to the newborn intensive care unit. Neonatal hearing loss can be congenital (syndromic or non-syndromic) or acquired such as ototoxicity. In addition, the types of hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed. Hearing is vital for the acquisition of language and learning. Therefore, early detection and prompt treatment are of utmost importance in preventing the unwanted sequel of hearing loss. The hearing screening program is mandatory in many nations, especially for high-risk newborns. An automated auditory brainstem response test is used as a screening tool in newborns admitted to the newborn intensive care unit. Moreover, genetic testing and screening for cytomegalovirus in newborns are essential in identifying the cause of hearing loss, particularly, mild and delayed onset types of hearing loss. We aimed to update the knowledge on the various aspects of hearing loss in newborns with regard to the epidemiology, risk factors, causes, screening program, investigations, and different modalities of treatment.
听力损失被认为是最常见的出生缺陷。正常新生儿中中度和重度听力损失的估计患病率为0.1%-0.3%，而入住新生儿重症监护病房的新生儿患病率为2%-4%。新生儿听力损失可以是先天性的（综合征性或非综合征性）或后天获得性的，如耳毒性。此外，听力损失的类型可以是传导性、感音神经性或混合性的。听力对于语言习得和学习至关重要。因此，早期发现和及时治疗对于预防听力损失的不良后果至关重要。听力筛查项目在许多国家是强制性的，尤其是对高危新生儿。自动听性脑干反应测试被用作入住新生儿重症监护病房新生儿的筛查工具。此外，新生儿的基因检测和巨细胞病毒筛查对于确定听力损失的原因至关重要，特别是轻度和迟发性听力损失类型。我们旨在更新关于新生儿听力损失各方面的知识，包括流行病学、危险因素、病因、筛查项目、检查以及不同的治疗方式。
