芬太尼免疫检测条快速现场检测缴获样品及替代基质中芬太尼和芬太尼类似物的评价。
Evaluation of fentanyl immunoassay test strips for rapid in-situ detection of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in seized samples and alternative matrices.
机构信息
Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
出版信息
Int J Drug Policy. 2023 Aug;118:104102. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104102. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
BACKGROUND
Ion mobility spectrometry is used for the rapid detection of drugs at points of security but are unable to differentiate some drugs leading to the instrument alarming for a drug not present in the sample. This can be particularly problematic for samples that alarm for fentanyl. In this study, fentanyl immunoassay strips were evaluated for use as a secondary test for fentanyl, including for the testing of alternative matrices, such as powders, e-liquids, and infused papers and textiles.
METHODS
The limit of detection of fentanyl immunoassay strips was examined along with their selectivity to 18 fentanyl analogsand 72 other drugs and cutting agents. The effectiveness of the test strips at the detection of fentanyl in the presence of other drugs was examined by testing a series of concentrations of fentanyl in solution in combination with other drugs. The testing of alternative matrices was explored with laboratory prepared samples through sampling with cotton buds and extraction in water.
RESULTS
The fentanyl immunoassay strips detected fentanyl at concentrations of 45 ng/mL and reacted with 16 of 18 tested fentanyl analogs with carfentanil and norfentanyl being the only analogs to not react. There was no reactivity with other drugs or cutting agents. The effectiveness of the fentanyl test strips was not reduced when fentanyl was mixed with other drugs. Fentanyl was successfully detected with high sensitivity in all alternative matrices.
CONCLUSION
The fentanyl immunoassay strips were found to be an effective secondary test for fentanyl and at least 16 fentanyl analogs in seized drug samples, including when mixed with other drugs. The effectiveness of the sampling methods for alternative matrices should be further evaluated using fentanyl and fentanyl analog casework samples. The use of this method by law enforcement and other agencies should be examined to assess its effectiveness and ease of use in operational settings.
背景
离子迁移谱可用于在安全点快速检测毒品，但无法区分某些毒品，导致仪器对样品中不存在的药物发出警报。对于发出芬太尼警报的样品，这可能是一个特别棘手的问题。在这项研究中，评估了芬太尼免疫检测条作为芬太尼的辅助检测方法的使用情况，包括对替代基质（如粉末、电子液体、注入的纸张和纺织品）的检测。
方法
检查了芬太尼免疫检测条的检测限及其对 18 种芬太尼类似物和 72 种其他药物和切割剂的选择性。通过测试一系列芬太尼在溶液中的浓度与其他药物的组合，研究了检测条在存在其他药物时检测芬太尼的有效性。通过用棉签采样和在水中提取，探索了替代基质的检测方法。
结果
芬太尼免疫检测条在 45 ng/mL 的浓度下检测到芬太尼，并与 18 种测试的芬太尼类似物中的 16 种发生反应，只有卡芬太尼和去甲芬太尼这两种类似物未发生反应。与其他药物或切割剂没有反应。当芬太尼与其他药物混合时，芬太尼检测条的有效性没有降低。在所有替代基质中都成功地以高灵敏度检测到芬太尼。
结论
芬太尼免疫检测条被发现是一种有效的芬太尼辅助检测方法，可用于检测缴获的毒品样本中的至少 16 种芬太尼类似物，包括与其他药物混合时。应进一步评估替代基质采样方法对芬太尼和芬太尼类似物案例样本的有效性。应审查执法机构和其他机构使用这种方法的情况，以评估其在操作环境中的有效性和易用性。
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