Vadhwana Bhamini, Tarazi Munir, Boshier Piers R, Hanna George B
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th floor Commonwealth building, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, UK.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 May 9;15(10):2668. doi: 10.3390/cancers15102668.
Oesophagogastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, with poor survival outcomes. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of oesophagogastric cancer remains poorly understood.
A systematic search identified studies assessing the oesophagogastric cancer microbiome. The primary outcome was to identify bacterial enrichment specific to oesophagogastric cancer. Secondary outcomes included appraisal of the methodology, diagnostic performance of cancer bacteria and the relationship between oral and tissue microbiome.
A total of 9295 articles were identified, and 87 studies were selected for analysis. Five genera were enriched in gastric cancer: , , , and . No clear trends were observed in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. , and were abundant in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Functional analysis supports the role of immune cells, localised inflammation and cancer-specific pathways mediating carcinogenesis. STORMS reporting assessment identified experimental deficiencies, considering batch effects and sources of contamination prevalent in low-biomass samples.
Functional analysis of cancer pathways can infer tumorigenesis within the cancer-microbe-immune axis. There is evidence that study design, experimental protocols and analytical techniques could be improved to achieve more accurate and representative results. Whole-genome sequencing is recommended to identify key metabolic and functional capabilities of candidate bacteria biomarkers.
食管癌和胃癌是全球第五大常见癌症，生存结果较差。细菌在食管癌和胃癌发病机制中的作用仍知之甚少。
通过系统检索确定评估食管癌和胃癌微生物组的研究。主要结果是确定食管癌和胃癌特有的细菌富集情况。次要结果包括对方法学的评估、癌细菌的诊断性能以及口腔和组织微生物组之间的关系。
共识别出9295篇文章，选择87项研究进行分析。胃癌中5个菌属富集： 、 、 、 和 。食管腺癌未观察到明显趋势。 、 和 在食管鳞状细胞癌中含量丰富。功能分析支持免疫细胞、局部炎症和癌症特异性途径在介导致癌作用中的作用。STORMS报告评估发现了实验缺陷，考虑到低生物量样本中普遍存在的批次效应和污染来源。
癌症途径的功能分析可以推断癌症-微生物-免疫轴内的肿瘤发生。有证据表明，研究设计、实验方案和分析技术可以改进，以获得更准确和有代表性的结果。建议进行全基因组测序，以确定候选细菌生物标志物的关键代谢和功能能力。
