Key Laboratory of Equus Germplasm Innovation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; Equus Research Center, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Equine Vet J. 2024 Jan;56(1):178-192. doi: 10.1111/evj.13968. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Traditional Mongolian endurance training is an effective way to improve the athletic ability of the horse for endurance events and is widely used. This incorporates aerobic exercise and intermittent fasting and these altered physiologic conditions are associated with switches between muscle fibre types.
To better understand the adaption of horse skeletal muscle to traditional Mongolian endurance training from muscle fibre characteristics and transcriptional levels and to explore possible molecular mechanisms associated with the endurance performance of horses.
Before-after study.
Muscle fibre type switches and muscle transcriptome changes in six Mongolian horses were assessed during 4 weeks of training. Transcriptomic and histochemical analyses were performed. The activities of oxidative and glycolytic metabolic enzymes were analysed and we generated deep RNA-sequencing data relating to skeletal muscles.
A fast-to-slow muscle fibre transition occurred in horse skeletal muscles, with a concomitant increase of oxidative enzyme activity and decreased glycolytic enzyme activity. Numerous differentially expressed genes were involved in the control of muscle protein balance and degradation. Differential alternative splicing events were also found during training which included exon-skipping events in Ttn that were associated with muscle atrophy. Differentially expressed noncoding RNAs showed connections with muscle protein balance-related pathways and fibre type specification via the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNA.
The study focuses on horse athletic ability only from the aspect of muscular adaptation.
Traditional Mongolian endurance training-induced muscle fibre transition and metabolic and transcriptional changes. Muscle-specific non-coding RNAs could contribute to these transcriptomic changes during training.
传统的蒙古耐力训练是提高马匹耐力项目运动能力的有效方法，被广泛应用。这种训练方法结合了有氧运动和间歇性禁食，这些改变的生理条件与肌肉纤维类型之间的转换有关。
从肌肉纤维特征和转录水平更好地了解马骨骼肌对传统蒙古耐力训练的适应，探索与马耐力表现相关的可能分子机制。
前后比较研究。
在 4 周的训练过程中，评估了 6 匹蒙古马的肌肉纤维类型转换和肌肉转录组变化。进行了转录组和组织化学分析。分析了氧化和糖酵解代谢酶的活性，并生成了与骨骼肌相关的深度 RNA 测序数据。
马骨骼肌发生了快肌向慢肌的纤维转换，同时氧化酶活性增加，糖酵解酶活性降低。许多差异表达基因参与了肌肉蛋白平衡和降解的控制。在训练过程中还发现了差异剪接事件，包括与肌肉萎缩相关的 Ttn 中的外显子跳跃事件。差异表达的非编码 RNA 通过 miRNA 对肌肉蛋白平衡相关途径和纤维类型特化的转录后调控显示出与它们的联系。
该研究仅从肌肉适应的角度关注马的运动能力。
传统的蒙古耐力训练诱导了肌肉纤维的转换以及代谢和转录变化。肌肉特异性非编码 RNA 可能有助于训练过程中的这些转录组变化。
