Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2024;54(8):3016-3037. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2220800. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates in different scientific disciplines owing to their intriguing characteristics. Their unique structural properties, including large surface area to volume ratio with multi-functionalities and ultra-high porosity, tunability, uniformity, and easy derivation and fabrication, render them effective materials for sensing applications. The detection of heavy metals in different environmental matrices using various MOF-based sensors is in practice. They include luminescent, electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent, colorimetric, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering, are of great interest. This review elaborates on selected synthetic methods for the fabrication of MOF-based sensors, modification routes for tailoring and enhancing the desired properties, basic characterization techniques, and their limitations in the detection of heavy metals. Also, it emphasizes the use of various types of MOF-based sensors alternatively for the detection of different heavy metals such as Fe(III), Cr(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) in addition to a normal metal Al(III). A collection of recent references is provided for researchers interested in such applications. Results from the literature have been summarized in tables which give an easy comparison and will help to develop efficient materials.
金属-有机骨架（MOFs）由于其独特的特性，在不同的科学领域中已经成为有前途的候选材料。它们独特的结构特性，包括大的比表面积与多功能性和超高的孔隙率、可调变性、均一性、易于衍生和制造，使它们成为用于传感应用的有效材料。使用各种基于 MOF 的传感器在不同的环境基质中检测重金属是实际可行的。这些传感器包括发光、电化学、电致化学发光、比色法和表面增强拉曼散射，受到了极大的关注。本综述详细阐述了用于制造基于 MOF 的传感器的选定合成方法、用于调整和增强所需性质的修饰途径、基本的表征技术以及它们在检测重金属方面的局限性。此外，它强调了使用各种类型的基于 MOF 的传感器替代检测不同的重金属，如 Fe(III)、Cr(III)、Hg(II)、Cd(II)和 Pb(II)，以及普通金属 Al(III)。为了对这类应用感兴趣的研究人员，还提供了最新的参考文献集。文献中的结果已经以表格的形式进行了总结，这些表格给出了易于比较的结果，并将有助于开发高效的材料。
