Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Phoniatrics and Audiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
Rofo. 2023 Oct;195(10):896-904. doi: 10.1055/a-2081-4119. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Since the introduction of hearing screening in Germany in 2009, pediatric hearing disorders are detected at an early stage. Early therapy is essential for language development. Imaging plays a central role in diagnosis and therapy planning.
Imaging findings of the most relevant causes of pediatric hearing disorders are presented. Specific attention is given to the method used in each case - CT or MRI.
While CT is the method of choice for conductive hearing loss, a combination of CT and MRI with high-resolution T2-3D sequences has been established as the best diagnostic method for sensorineural hearing loss. The most common causes of conductive hearing loss in childhood are chronic inflammation and cholesteatoma. Congenital malformations of the outer or middle ear are less frequent. In the case of sensorineural hearing loss, the cause is located in the inner ear and/or the cochlear nerve or the cerebrum. In these cases, congenital malformations are the most common cause.
· CT and MRI are necessary to identify morphological causes of hearing disorders and to clarify the possibility of hearing-improving ear surgery or cochlear implantation.. · Contraindications for surgical procedures must be excluded.. · Anatomical variants that may be risk factors for surgery must be described..
· Sorge I, Hirsch F, Fuchs M et al. Imaging diagnostics for childhood hearing loss. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 896 - 904.
自 2009 年德国引入听力筛查以来，儿科听力障碍得以在早期阶段被发现。早期治疗对于语言发展至关重要。影像学在诊断和治疗计划中起着核心作用。
呈现了儿科听力障碍最相关病因的影像学表现。特别关注每种情况下使用的方法——CT 或 MRI。
虽然 CT 是传导性听力损失的首选方法，但 CT 与具有高分辨率 T2-3D 序列的 MRI 的组合已被确立为感音神经性听力损失的最佳诊断方法。儿童中传导性听力损失最常见的原因是慢性炎症和胆脂瘤。外耳或中耳的先天性畸形较少见。在感音神经性听力损失的情况下，病因位于内耳和/或耳蜗神经或大脑。在这些情况下，先天性畸形是最常见的原因。
· CT 和 MRI 对于确定听力障碍的形态学原因以及阐明听力改善型耳部手术或耳蜗植入的可能性是必要的。· 必须排除手术的禁忌症。· 必须描述可能成为手术风险因素的解剖变异。
· Sorge I, Hirsch F, Fuchs M 等人。儿童听力损失的影像学诊断。Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 896-904.
