Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India.
Department of Genetic Engineering, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
Biomarkers. 2023 Sep;28(6):502-518. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2023.2229537. Epub 2023 Jun 29.
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most challenging global health crisis of the current decade, impacting a large population of females annually. In the field of cancer research, the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes (a subpopulation of EVs), has marked a significant milestone. In general, exosomes are released from all active cells but tumour cell-derived exosomes (TDXs) have a great impact (TDXs miRNAs, proteins, lipid molecules) on cancer development and progression. TDXs regulate multiple events in breast cancer such as tumour microenvironment remodelling, immune cell suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis (EMT-epithelial mesenchymal transition, organ-specific metastasis), and therapeutic resistance. In BC, early detection is the most challenging event, exosome-based BC screening solved the problem. Exosome-based BC treatment is a sign of the transforming era of liquid biopsy, it is also a promising therapeutic tool for breast cancer. Exosome research goes to closer precision oncology via a single exosome profiling approach. Our hope is that this review will serve as motivation for researchers to explore the field of exosomes and develop an efficient, and affordable theranostics approach for breast cancer.
乳腺癌（BC）仍然是当前十年全球最具挑战性的健康危机，每年影响大量女性。在癌症研究领域，细胞外囊泡（EVs）的发现，特别是外泌体（EVs 的一个亚群）的发现，标志着一个重要的里程碑。一般来说，外泌体是由所有活跃的细胞释放的，但肿瘤细胞衍生的外泌体（TDXs）对癌症的发展和进展有很大的影响（TDXs miRNAs、蛋白质、脂质分子）。TDXs 调节乳腺癌中的多种事件，如肿瘤微环境重塑、免疫细胞抑制、血管生成、转移（EMT-上皮间质转化、器官特异性转移）和治疗耐药性。在 BC 中，早期检测是最具挑战性的事件，基于外泌体的 BC 筛查解决了这个问题。基于外泌体的 BC 治疗是液体活检转型时代的标志，也是乳腺癌有前途的治疗工具。通过单一外泌体分析方法，外泌体研究更接近精准肿瘤学。我们希望这篇综述能激励研究人员探索外泌体领域，并开发出一种高效、经济实惠的乳腺癌治疗方法。
