Department of Radiology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.
Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.
Biomarkers. 2023 Mar;28(2):139-151. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2022.2157875. Epub 2023 Jan 2.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing and slow-multiplying micro subpopulations in tumour microenvironments. CSCs contribute to cancer's resistance to radiation (including radiation) and other treatments. CSCs control the heterogeneity of the tumour. It alters the tumour's microenvironment cellular singling and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Current research decodes the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and CSCs interlink in radiation resistance. Exosome is a subpopulation of EVs and originated from plasma membrane. It is secreted by several active cells. It involed in cellular communication and messenger of healthly and multiple pathological complications. Exosomal biological active cargos (DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and glycan), are capable to transform recipient cells' nature. The molecular signatures of CSCs and CSC-derived exosomes are potential source of cancer theranostics development. This review discusse cancer stem cells, radiation-mediated CSCs development, EMT associated with CSCs, the role of exosomes in radioresistance development, the current state of radiation therapy and the use of CSCs and CSCs-derived exosomes biomolecules as a clinical screening biomarker for cancer. This review gives new researchers a reason to keep an eye on the next phase of scientific research into cancer theranostics that will help mankind.
癌症干细胞（CSC）是肿瘤微环境中具有自我更新和缓慢增殖能力的微亚群。CSC 有助于癌症对辐射（包括放疗）和其他治疗的抵抗。CSC 控制肿瘤的异质性。它改变肿瘤的微环境细胞信号，促进上皮间质转化（EMT）。目前的研究解码了细胞外囊泡（EVs）和 CSC 之间相互作用在辐射抵抗中的作用。外泌体是 EV 的一个亚群，起源于质膜。它由几种活跃的细胞分泌。它参与细胞通讯和健康和多种病理并发症的信使。外泌体的生物活性 cargo（DNA、RNA、蛋白质、脂质和聚糖）能够改变受体细胞的性质。CSC 和 CSC 衍生的外泌体的分子特征是癌症治疗发展的潜在来源。这篇综述讨论了癌症干细胞、辐射介导的 CSC 发展、与 CSC 相关的 EMT、外泌体在辐射抵抗发展中的作用、当前的放疗状态以及 CSCs 和 CSCs 衍生的外泌体生物分子作为癌症临床筛查生物标志物的用途。这篇综述为新的研究人员提供了一个理由，让他们关注癌症治疗学下一阶段的科学研究，这将有助于人类。
