半乳糖凝集素-3、-8 和 -9 的缺乏会损害对慢性结核分枝杆菌感染的免疫力,但不会损害对多种细胞内病原体的急性感染的免疫力。
Deficiency in Galectin-3, -8, and -9 impairs immunity to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but not acute infection with multiple intracellular pathogens.
机构信息
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS Pathog. 2023 Jun 23;19(6):e1011088. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011088. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Macrophages employ an array of pattern recognition receptors to detect and eliminate intracellular pathogens that access the cytosol. The cytosolic carbohydrate sensors Galectin-3, -8, and -9 (Gal-3, Gal-8, and Gal-9) recognize damaged pathogen-containing phagosomes, and Gal-3 and Gal-8 are reported to restrict bacterial growth via autophagy in cultured cells. However, the contribution of these galectins to host resistance during bacterial infection in vivo remains unclear. We found that Gal-9 binds directly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Stm) and localizes to Mtb in macrophages. To determine the combined contribution of membrane damage-sensing galectins to immunity, we generated Gal-3, -8, and -9 triple knockout (TKO) mice. Mtb infection of primary macrophages from TKO mice resulted in defective autophagic flux but normal bacterial replication. Surprisingly, these mice had no discernable defect in resistance to acute infection with Mtb, Stm or Listeria monocytogenes, and had only modest impairments in bacterial growth restriction and CD4 T cell activation during chronic Mtb infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that while Gal-3, -8, and -9 respond to an array of intracellular pathogens, together these membrane damage-sensing galectins play a limited role in host resistance to bacterial infection.
巨噬细胞利用一系列模式识别受体来检测和清除进入细胞质的细胞内病原体。细胞质碳水化合物传感器半乳糖凝集素-3、-8 和 -9(Gal-3、Gal-8 和 Gal-9)识别含有受损病原体的吞噬体,并且据报道 Gal-3 和 Gal-8 通过自噬来限制培养细胞中的细菌生长。然而,这些半乳糖凝集素在体内细菌感染期间对宿主抵抗力的贡献仍不清楚。我们发现 Gal-9 直接结合分枝杆菌(Mtb)和沙门氏菌肠炎亚种 Typhimurium(Stm),并在巨噬细胞中定位于 Mtb。为了确定膜损伤感应半乳糖凝集素对免疫的综合贡献,我们生成了 Gal-3、-8 和 -9 三重敲除(TKO)小鼠。TKO 小鼠原代巨噬细胞中的 Mtb 感染导致自噬流缺陷,但细菌复制正常。令人惊讶的是,这些小鼠在急性感染 Mtb、Stm 或单核细胞增生李斯特菌时没有明显的抵抗力缺陷,并且在慢性 Mtb 感染期间,细菌生长限制和 CD4 T 细胞激活的损伤也只有适度。总的来说,这些发现表明,虽然 Gal-3、-8 和 -9 对一系列细胞内病原体作出反应,但这些膜损伤感应半乳糖凝集素一起在宿主抵抗细菌感染方面的作用有限。
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