Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
SENAI Innovation Institute for Mineral Technologies, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Environ Res. 2023 Sep 15;233:116474. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116474. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Soil conditioner is class of products used to enhance physics, physicochemical or soil biological activities, being able to recover disturbed or nutritional unbalanced soils. The formulation of a soil conditioner composed by bauxite residue (BR), and organic oil palm wastes, as raw materials, was recently proposed as an innovative strategy for the Brazilian acid soils amendment. Here we show the results of soil conditioner amended soil leaching tests and agronomical performance. The soil conditioners were formulated by BR mixed with decomposed POC (palm oil compost) and non-decomposed POMW (palm oil mill waste) oil palm wastes, in the proportion of 25% BR + 75% POC (T1) and 50% BR + 50% POMW (T2), in addition to the treatment with 100% POMW without BR (T3) and limestone at a dose calculated to raise soil pH to 6.0 (T4). Except for T4, all conditioners were applied to the soil at doses of 40, 80, and 120 t ha for leaching tests. The experimental plots were composed of polyvinyl chloride columns, filled with 5 kg of soil, with bottles adapted with hoses at the bottom to facilitate drainage of the leachate. After leaching tests, the respective columns were used as pots for the cultivation of Brachiaria grass, stage with addition of a control composed by undisturbed soil (T5). The pH of the leachates had changes, but the use of BR associated with POMW was similar to the use of limestone. Of the 65 chemical elements evaluated, only nine were identified in the leachate, being most of them considered as plant nutrients. As for soil pH, limestone was slightly higher (6.6) than treatments that had BR (5.5). Brachiaria grass cultivated in the soil amended with conditioners showed similar results of limestone treated soil for the parameters of plant development and showed fertility improvement.
土壤调理剂是一类用于增强物理、物理化学或土壤生物活性的产品，能够恢复受到干扰或营养失衡的土壤。最近，有人提出了一种由铝土矿残渣（BR）和有机油棕废物作为原料制成的土壤调理剂的配方，作为巴西酸性土壤改良的创新策略。在这里，我们展示了土壤调理剂改良土壤淋溶试验和农艺性能的结果。土壤调理剂是由 BR 与分解的 POC（棕榈油堆肥）和未分解的 POMW（棕榈油厂废物）油棕废物混合而成，比例为 25% BR+75% POC（T1）和 50% BR+50% POMW（T2），此外，还处理了不含 BR 的 100% POMW（T3）和剂量计算为将土壤 pH 提高到 6.0 的石灰石（T4）。除了 T4，所有调理剂都以 40、80 和 120 t/ha 的剂量应用于土壤进行淋溶试验。实验小区由聚氯乙烯柱组成，每个柱内填充 5 公斤土壤，并在底部安装带有软管的瓶子，以便排出淋出液。淋溶试验后，各柱均作为无土 Brachiaria 草的种植盆（T5）。淋出液的 pH 值发生了变化，但 BR 与 POMW 的联合使用与石灰石的使用相似。在所评估的 65 种化学元素中，只有 9 种在淋出液中被鉴定出来，其中大部分被认为是植物养分。至于土壤 pH 值，石灰石（6.6）略高于含有 BR 的处理（5.5）。在含有调理剂的土壤中种植的 Brachiaria 草在植物发育参数方面与用石灰石处理的土壤表现出相似的结果，表现出肥力的提高。
