Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, USA.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2023 Oct;16(4):101486. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101486. Epub 2023 Jun 2.
Households including someone with disabilities experience disproportionately high food insecurity rates and likely face disproportionate barriers accessing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits.
This article aims to examine the role of SNAP with regard to food insecurity disparities based on disability status.
Modified Poisson regression models examined food insecurity risk based on disability status (household includes no one with disabilities vs. those with work-limiting disabilities or non-work-limiting disabilities) among 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation households eligible for SNAP (income ≤130% of the poverty threshold). Weighted estimates were used to account for the study design and non-response.
Households including someone with work-limiting disabilities were more than twice as likely to be food insecure than households including no one with disabilities (PR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.90, 2.45); households including someone with non-work-limiting disabilities were 65% more likely (PR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.95). However, disparities were more pronounced among households not participating in SNAP (PR = 2.67, 95% CI: 2.22, 3.23 for work-limiting disabilities and PR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.44, 2.40 for non-work-limiting disabilities) than SNAP-participating households (PR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.03 and PR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.82, respectively). Approximately 4.2 million low-income U.S. households including someone with disabilities are food insecure. Of these, 1.4 million were not participating in SNAP and another 2.8 million households were food insecure despite participating in SNAP.
Access to SNAP benefits is not proportionate to the scale of food insecurity among households that include people with disabilities. Action is needed to strengthen food assistance for those with disabilities.
有残疾人的家庭面临不成比例的高粮食不安全率，并且可能面临不成比例的获取补充营养援助计划（SNAP）福利的障碍。
本文旨在根据残疾状况，研究 SNAP 在粮食不安全差异方面的作用。
使用修正后的泊松回归模型，根据残疾状况（家庭中无残疾人与有工作受限残疾或无工作受限残疾的人），对 2018 年有资格获得 SNAP（收入≤贫困线的 130%）的收入和计划参与调查家庭中的粮食不安全风险进行了调查。使用加权估计数来考虑研究设计和无应答情况。
有工作受限残疾的人家庭的粮食不安全发生率是没有残疾人家庭的两倍多（PR=2.16，95%置信区间：1.90，2.45）；有非工作受限残疾的人家庭的粮食不安全发生率则高出 65%（PR=1.65，95%置信区间：1.39，1.95）。然而，在未参加 SNAP 的家庭中，差异更为明显（PR=2.67，95%置信区间：2.22，3.23 为工作受限残疾，PR=1.86，95%置信区间：1.44，2.40 为非工作受限残疾），而参加 SNAP 的家庭差异较小（PR=1.71，95%置信区间：1.45，2.03 和 PR=1.46，95%置信区间：1.17，1.82）。大约有 420 万有残疾的低收入美国家庭面临粮食不安全。其中，有 140 万户没有参加 SNAP，另有 280 万户尽管参加了 SNAP，但仍面临粮食不安全。
SNAP 福利的获取与包括残疾人在内的家庭粮食不安全的严重程度不成比例。需要采取行动，加强对残疾人的粮食援助。
