补充营养援助计划登记可及性（SNAP-access）评分的发展
The development of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program enrollment accessibility (SNAP-access) score.
作者信息
Samuel Laura J, Xiao Emily, Cerilli Caroline, Sweeney Fiona, Campanile Jessica, Milki Nubaira, Smith Jared, Zhu Jiafeng, Yenokyan Gayane, Gherman Adi, Varadaraj Varshini, Swenor Bonnielin K
机构信息
Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
出版信息
Disabil Health J. 2022 Oct;15(4):101366. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101366. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
BACKGROUND
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a federal public benefit providing food assistance to millions of Americans. However, it is typically administered by states, creating potential variation in accessibility and transparency of information about enrollment for people with disabilities.
OBJECTIVE
To develop and demonstrate the use of a method to assess the accessibility and transparency of information about the disability-inclusive process and practices of SNAP enrollment.
METHODS
Cross-sectional data was collected from SNAP landing and enrollment webpages from all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and New York City from June-August 2021. Based on principles of universal design and accessibility, scores were determined for each SNAP program across three areas: flexibility in the enrollment process (6 points), efficiency of finding information about enrollment on SNAP websites (6 points), and the accessibility of SNAP webpages (6 points). Total scores were the sum of these sub-categories (18 points maximum).
RESULTS
Of the 52 SNAP programs assessed, mean scores were 10.66 (SD = 2.51) for the total score, 2.67 (SD = 0.91) for flexibility in the enrollment process, 3.32 (SD = 1.19) for efficiency of finding information about enrollment on SNAP websites, and 4.67 (SD = 1.72) for the accessibility of SNAP webpages. No programs received the maximum flexibility score (6 points) on flexibility, 2 programs received the maximum on efficiency, and 31 programs the maximum on accessibility.
CONCLUSIONS
We found differences in the accessibility, flexibility, and efficiency of SNAP program enrollment information available on SNAP websites and outline room for improvement across all three of these areas.
背景
补充营养援助计划（SNAP）是一项联邦公共福利项目，为数百万美国人提供食品援助。然而，该计划通常由各州管理，这可能导致残疾人在获取有关登记信息的可及性和透明度方面存在差异。
目的
开发并展示一种方法，用于评估SNAP登记中包含残疾因素的流程和做法的信息的可及性和透明度。
方法
2021年6月至8月，收集了美国50个州、哥伦比亚特区和纽约市的SNAP着陆页和登记网页的横断面数据。根据通用设计和可及性原则，对每个SNAP项目在三个方面进行评分：登记流程的灵活性（6分）、在SNAP网站上查找登记信息的效率（6分）以及SNAP网页的可及性（6分）。总分是这些子类别得分的总和（最高18分）。
结果
在评估的52个SNAP项目中，总分平均为10.66（标准差=2.51），登记流程灵活性平均为2.67（标准差=0.91），在SNAP网站上查找登记信息的效率平均为3.32（标准差=1.19），SNAP网页的可及性平均为4.67（标准差=1.72）。没有项目在灵活性方面获得最高分数（6分），2个项目在效率方面获得最高分，31个项目在可及性方面获得最高分。
结论
我们发现SNAP网站上提供的SNAP项目登记信息在可及性、灵活性和效率方面存在差异，并概述了所有这三个领域的改进空间。
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