Immunocompromised Host Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Infect Public Health. 2023 Sep;16(9):1500-1509. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.012. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
Understanding the pathophysiology of HIV infection has been crucial to the design of effective anti-viral strategies. HIV infection is declining worldwide due to early diagnosis and the effective long-term use of anti-retroviral therapy. New infections decreased from 3.3 million in 2002-2.3 million in 2012. However, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), an estimated 83,000 individuals still acquired the virus, with 37,000 morbidities reported. The first incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was reported in 1984. By the end of 2013, around 1509 patients had been diagnosed with HIV infection. HIV surveillance has improved in KSA with advances in medical care, counseling, family planning, diagnostic evaluation, and anti-retroviral therapy, but challenges remain. Patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy still show significant morbidity and mortality. Further targeted treatment regimens and preventive strategies are required to control HIV infection in KSA. Progress towards meeting the 90-90-90 goals for HIV in the MENA has also not been systematically monitored.
In this review, we examine current screening programs, therapeutic modalities, the emergence of drug resistance, and future perspectives for HIV-associated health care in KSA.
The aim is to offer insight for healthcare policymakers to comply with the UNAIDS 2020 vision program and help establish the prevailing paradigms in the HIV community for an AIDS-free generation and the 90-90-90 goals for diagnosis.
了解 HIV 感染的病理生理学对于设计有效的抗病毒策略至关重要。由于早期诊断和有效长期使用抗逆转录病毒疗法，HIV 感染在全球范围内呈下降趋势。新感染人数从 2002 年的 330 万降至 2012 年的 230 万。然而，在中东和北非（MENA）地区，估计仍有 83000 人感染了该病毒，报告了 37000 例发病。沙特阿拉伯（KSA）首例获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）病例于 1984 年报告。截至 2013 年底，约有 1509 名患者被诊断感染了 HIV。随着医疗保健、咨询、计划生育、诊断评估和抗逆转录病毒治疗的进步，沙特的 HIV 监测得到了改善，但挑战仍然存在。接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者仍显示出显著的发病率和死亡率。需要进一步的靶向治疗方案和预防策略来控制沙特的 HIV 感染。在 MENA 实现 90-90-90 艾滋病毒目标的进展也没有得到系统监测。
在这篇综述中，我们检查了当前的筛选计划、治疗方式、耐药性的出现以及沙特阿拉伯 HIV 相关医疗保健的未来展望。
目的是为医疗保健政策制定者提供深入了解，以遵守 UNAIDS 2020 年愿景计划，并帮助在 HIV 社区中建立艾滋病零世代和 90-90-90 诊断目标的现有范例。
