Department of Psychology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Seoul Graduate School of Counseling Psychology, Republic of Korea.
Sleep Med. 2023 Aug;108:114-123. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.001. Epub 2023 Jun 9.
Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of going to bed later than intended, without external reasons. This study is a randomized controlled trial aiming to establish efficacy of a behavioral intervention to decrease BP in a non-clinical sample.
This was an open-label trial that was conducted in sixty participants (mean age 21.33 ± 2.35 years, 86.7% females) without insomnia or psychopathology who endorsed frequent BP. They were randomized to either the treatment group (n = 32) or wait-list control group (n = 28). Participants completed the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and a weekly sleep diary. Functional analysis was conducted to investigate the function of BP. Linear mixed models were used for analyses.
The treatment group showed significant improvement on the BPS (35.56% decrease, d = 2.19, bedtime procrastination duration based on the sleep diary (-46.29 min, d = 1.22), and sleep efficiency (5.70% increase, d = 1.25) compared to the wait-list control group following the intervention. There were also significant reductions in time spent from bedtime to lights out, and wake time to time out of bed, in addition to improvements in ISI and ESS scores in the treatment group compared to the control group. Functional analysis results indicated emotional regulation (31.3%), compensation (26.5%), and social interaction and belongingness (18.1%) as the most frequent functions of bedtime procrastination.
This study shows promising results for a behavioral intervention targeting BP and sleep. In addition, this study demonstrated various functions of BP as a sleep-interfering behavior. We expect that these findings could be used in future studies and clinical settings to decrease BP.
晚睡拖延（BP）被定义为没有外部原因而比预期更晚入睡的行为。本研究是一项随机对照试验，旨在确定一种行为干预措施在非临床样本中减少 BP 的疗效。
这是一项开放性试验，在 60 名参与者（平均年龄 21.33 ± 2.35 岁，86.7%为女性）中进行，这些参与者没有失眠或精神病理学问题，但报告经常出现 BP。他们被随机分配到治疗组（n = 32）或候补名单对照组（n = 28）。参与者完成了晚睡拖延量表（BPS）、嗜睡量表（ESS）、失眠严重程度指数（ISI）、流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）、早晨和傍晚问卷（MEQ）以及每周睡眠日记。进行功能分析以调查 BP 的功能。线性混合模型用于分析。
治疗组在干预后在 BPS（减少 35.56%，d = 2.19，基于睡眠日记的晚睡拖延时间（-46.29 分钟，d = 1.22）和睡眠效率（增加 5.70%，d = 1.25）上显示出显著改善，与候补名单对照组相比。治疗组与对照组相比，从就寝时间到熄灯时间、从醒来时间到起床时间的时间也显著减少，ISI 和 ESS 评分也有所改善。功能分析结果表明，情绪调节（31.3%）、补偿（26.5%）和社会互动和归属感（18.1%）是晚睡拖延的最常见功能。
本研究为针对 BP 和睡眠的行为干预提供了有希望的结果。此外，本研究还证明了 BP 作为一种干扰睡眠的行为的各种功能。我们期望这些发现可以在未来的研究和临床环境中用于减少 BP。
