Movement & Neuroscience, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Denmark.
Movement & Neuroscience, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hum Mov Sci. 2023 Aug;90:103114. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103114. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
In this study, we investigated the effects of motor practice with an emphasis on either position or force control on motor performance, motor accuracy and variability in preadolescent children. Furthermore, we investigated corticomuscular coherence and potential changes following motor practice. We designed a setup allowing discrete wrist flexions of the non-dominant hand and tested motor accuracy and variability when the task was to generate specific movement endpoints (15-75 deg) or force levels (5-25% MVC). All participants were tested in both tasks at baseline and post motor practice without augmented feedback on performance. Following baseline assessment, participants (44 children aged 9-11 years) were randomly assigned to either position (PC) or force control (FC) motor practice or a resting control group (CON). The PC and FC groups performed four blocks of 40 trials motor practice with augmented feedback on performance. Following practice, improvements in movement accuracy were significantly greater in the PC group compared to the FC and CON groups (p < 0.001). None of the groups displayed changes in force task performance indicating no benefits of force control motor practice and low transfer between tasks (p-values:0.08-0.45). Corticomuscular coherence (C4-FCR) was demonstrated during the hold phase in both tasks with no difference between tasks. Corticomuscular coherence did not change from baseline to post practice in any group. Our findings demonstrate that preadolescent children improve position control following dynamic accuracy motor practice. Contrary to previous findings in adults, preadolescent children displayed smaller or no improvements in force control following isometric motor practice, low transfer between tasks and no changes in corticomuscular coherence.
在这项研究中，我们研究了强调位置或力控制的运动练习对青少年儿童运动表现、运动准确性和变异性的影响。此外，我们还研究了运动练习后的皮质肌肉协调性和潜在变化。我们设计了一种设置，允许非优势手进行离散的腕部弯曲，并在任务是产生特定运动终点（15-75 度）或力水平（5-25%MVC）时测试运动准确性和变异性。所有参与者在基线和运动练习后（无增强反馈）在两项任务中都进行了测试。在基线评估后，参与者（44 名 9-11 岁的儿童）被随机分配到位置控制（PC）或力控制（FC）运动练习或休息对照组（CON）。PC 和 FC 组进行了四个 40 次试验的运动练习，具有增强的性能反馈。练习后，PC 组的运动准确性提高明显大于 FC 组和 CON 组（p<0.001）。没有一个组在力量任务表现上显示出变化，这表明力控制运动练习没有好处，任务之间的转移很低（p 值：0.08-0.45）。在两个任务的保持阶段都表现出皮质肌肉协调性（C4-FCR），任务之间没有差异。在任何一组中，皮质肌肉协调性都没有从基线到练习后发生变化。我们的研究结果表明，青少年儿童在进行动态准确性运动练习后可以改善位置控制。与以前在成年人中发现的结果相反，青少年儿童在进行等长运动练习后，力控制的改善较小或没有改善，任务之间的转移较低，皮质肌肉协调性没有变化。
