Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
Int J Parasitol. 2023 Oct;53(11-12):673-685. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.05.005. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
Molecular characterisation of endobionts that are shared among human and non-human hosts can help shed light on the epidemiology and inform studies that aim to unravel the role of these organisms in health and disease. Two of the most common of shared endobionts include the single-celled intestinal protists Blastocystis and Entamoeba. Here, we present the first known data on genetic diversity and host specificity of these two genera in Greenland. Faecal DNA samples from 243 muskoxen and 44 sheep were submitted to metabarcoding of nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA. Entamoeba- and Blastocystis-specific sequences were clustered, and consensus sequences were subjected to taxonomic query. Using MinION-based sequencing, near-complete nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were obtained from four faecal samples. Of the 243 muskox samples, 180 (74%) and 19 (8%) were positive for Blastocystis and Entamoeba, respectively. Forty (91%) and six (14%) of the 44 sheep samples were positive for Blastocystis and Entamoeba, respectively. Blastocystis subtypes (ST) 10, 14, 21, 24-26, and a novel subtype (ST40) were identified. Colonisation by more than one subtype was common. ST40 was common in muskoxen but limited to Northeast Greenland. Entamoeba bovis and the E. bovis-associated ribosomal lineages (RL) 1 and 8 were found, and three conditional lineages (CL) 3, 4, and 10 were confirmed; CL10 was promoted to RL12. Several novel lineages were identified, all of which were linked to the E. bovis complex. In conclusion, Blastocystis was far more common than Entamoeba and found in approximately three of every four animals; both can be considered common colonisers of large herbivorous mammals in Greenland. Multiple subtypes/lineages of both genera were commonly observed, some of which were novel, but most of which are seen in many other parts of the world.
内共生体在人类和非人类宿主之间共享，对其进行分子特征分析有助于揭示其流行病学，并为旨在阐明这些生物体在健康和疾病中的作用的研究提供信息。两种最常见的共享内共生体包括单细胞肠道原生动物蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和肠内阿米巴。在这里，我们首次提供了格陵兰岛这两种属的遗传多样性和宿主特异性的已知数据。从 243 头麝香牛和 44 只绵羊的粪便 DNA 样本中提取了核小亚基核糖体 DNA 进行宏条形码分析。对肠内阿米巴和蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的特异性序列进行聚类，对共识序列进行分类查询。使用 MinION 测序，从四个粪便样本中获得了近乎完整的核小亚基核糖体 DNA 序列。在 243 个麝香牛样本中，分别有 180 个（74%）和 19 个（8%）样本对蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和肠内阿米巴呈阳性。在 44 个绵羊样本中，分别有 40 个（91%）和 6 个（14%）样本对蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和肠内阿米巴呈阳性。鉴定出了蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫亚型（ST）10、14、21、24-26 和一个新亚型（ST40）。多型性感染很常见。ST40 在麝香牛中很常见，但仅限于格陵兰岛东北部。发现了牛肠内阿米巴和与其相关的核糖体谱系（RL）1 和 8，确认了三个条件谱系（CL）3、4 和 10；CL10 被提升为 RL12。鉴定出了几种新的谱系，均与牛肠内阿米巴复合体有关。总之，蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫比肠内阿米巴更为常见，大约每四只动物中就有三只感染蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫；这两种都可以被认为是格陵兰岛大型食草哺乳动物的常见定植者。两种属的多个亚型/谱系通常同时存在，其中一些是新的，但大多数在世界其他许多地方都有发现。
