Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 2, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Section for Pathobiological Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Acta Vet Scand. 2023 Jun 24;65(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s13028-023-00689-8.
Veterinary telemedicine has only been adopted to some degree. One aspect that needs to be evaluated is clinical examinations using video. The objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between a traditional physical clinical examination and a clinical examination using recorded video using finishing pigs with umbilical outpouchings (umbilical hernias, cysts, and abscesses) as the study unit. A total of 102 finisher pigs with umbilical outpouchings were clinically examined and recorded on video. Four experienced pig veterinarians were allowed to examine each pig for approximately 10 min and were individually asked to fill out a predesigned clinical record. Approximately 1 month after the physical examinations, the veterinarians individually reexamined all 102 pigs in a blinded manner, utilizing the video recordings and filling in a predesigned clinical record.
For all measurements using a ruler, a high Pearson correlation coefficient was observed between physical and video examinations (range 0.69-0.95). In comparison, the visual bodyweight estimation had a lower Pearson correlation coefficient (range 0.57-0.64). Substantial to almost perfect agreement was observed between the physical and video examinations for abnormal weight distribution on any leg, restricted gait movements, lameness, signs of pain, fitness for transportation, presence of wounds, and categorization of the number of wounds > 4 cm on the umbilical outpouching (mean Kappa range 0.67-0.87). Fair agreement was observed for the presence of perineal soiling, ear wounds, pendulation of umbilical outpouching, umbilical outpouching touching the legs, skin not movable over the umbilical outpouching, and umbilical outpouching wound characteristics: type, presence of crusts, active bleeding, thick wound edges, connective tissue (mean Kappa range 0.21-0.40). Slight agreement was observed for umbilical outpouching characteristics: shape, macroscopic vascularization of the skin covering the outpouching, and the presence of scars, excoriations, and fistulas (mean Kappa range 0.10-0.20). Poor agreement was observed for the presence of granulation tissue (mean Kappa = - 0.05).
The agreement between a physical clinical examination and a clinical examination using recorded video of the same pig varies from poor to almost perfect, depending on the clinical sign and the executing veterinarian.
兽医远程医疗仅在一定程度上得到采用。需要评估的一个方面是使用视频进行临床检查。本研究的目的是评估使用记录视频对患有脐疝（脐疝、囊肿和脓肿）的育肥猪进行的传统体格临床检查与临床检查之间的一致性。共有 102 头患有脐疝的育肥猪进行了临床检查并录像。四名经验丰富的猪兽医被允许对每头猪进行大约 10 分钟的检查，并单独要求他们填写预先设计的临床记录。在体格检查后大约 1 个月，兽医们以盲法的方式单独使用视频记录重新检查了所有 102 头猪，并填写了预先设计的临床记录。
对于所有使用尺子的测量值，体格检查和视频检查之间的皮尔逊相关系数均较高（范围为 0.69-0.95）。相比之下，视觉体重估计的皮尔逊相关系数较低（范围为 0.57-0.64）。在任何腿部异常体重分布、运动受限、跛行、疼痛迹象、运输适应性、伤口存在以及对脐疝上>4cm 伤口数量的分类方面，体格检查和视频检查之间存在显著到几乎完美的一致性（平均 Kappa 范围为 0.67-0.87）。在会阴部污染、耳部伤口、脐疝摆动、脐疝接触腿部、脐疝上方皮肤不可移动以及脐疝伤口特征（类型、结痂存在、活跃出血、伤口边缘增厚、结缔组织）方面观察到适度的一致性（平均 Kappa 范围为 0.21-0.40）。在脐疝特征（形状、覆盖疝的皮肤的宏观血管化以及疤痕、擦伤和瘘管的存在）和肉芽组织的存在方面观察到轻微的一致性（平均 Kappa 范围为 0.10-0.20）。（平均 Kappa= -0.05）。
根据临床体征和执行兽医的不同，对同一头猪进行的体格临床检查与使用记录视频进行的临床检查之间的一致性从差到几乎完美不等。
