US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States.
US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States.
J Nutr. 2023 Aug;153(8):2472-2481. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.028. Epub 2023 Jun 24.
A proposed topic for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Scientific Advisory Committee to address is the relationship between dietary patterns with ultra-processed foods (UPF) and body composition and weight status. Implementing the NOVA system, the most commonly applied framework for determining whether a food is "ultra-processed," in dietary guidance could omit several nutrient-dense foods from recommended healthy diets in the DGA.
The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the feasibility of building a menu that aligns with recommendations for a healthy dietary pattern from the 2020 DGA and includes ≥80% kcal from UPF as defined by NOVA.
To accomplish this objective, we first developed a list of foods that fit NOVA criteria for UPF, fit within dietary patterns in the 2020 DGA, and are commonly consumed by Americans. We then used these foods to develop a 7-d, 2000 kcal menu modeled on MyPyramid sample menus and assessed this menu for nutrient content as well as for diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015).
In the ultra-processed DGA menu that was created, 91% of kcal were from UPF, or NOVA category 4. The HEI-2015 score was 86 out of a possible 100 points. This sample menu did not achieve a perfect score due primarily to excess sodium and an insufficient amount of whole grains. This menu provided adequate amounts of all macro- and micronutrients except vitamin D, vitamin E, and choline.
Healthy dietary patterns can include most of their energy from UPF, still receive a high diet quality score, and contain adequate amounts of most macro- and micronutrients.
2025 年美国膳食指南科学顾问委员会拟议的一个议题是探讨超加工食品（UPF）与人体成分和体重状况之间的关系。在膳食指导中采用 NOVA 系统，这是最常用于确定食品是否“超加工”的框架，可能会将几种营养密集型食物从 DGA 推荐的健康饮食中排除。
本概念验证研究的目的是确定构建与 2020 年 DGA 中健康饮食模式建议一致、且包含 NOVA 定义的 UPF 中≥80%热量的菜单的可行性。
为了实现这一目标，我们首先开发了一份符合 NOVA 超加工食品标准、符合 2020 年 DGA 中饮食模式且为美国人所普遍食用的食物清单。然后，我们使用这些食物来开发一个基于 MyPyramid 样本菜单的 7 天、2000 千卡的菜单，并评估该菜单的营养成分和健康饮食指数-2015（HEI-2015）的饮食质量。
在所创建的超加工 DGA 菜单中，91%的热量来自 UPF，或 NOVA 类别 4。HEI-2015 得分为 86 分（满分 100 分）。由于主要是钠过量和全谷物不足，这个样本菜单没有达到满分。该菜单提供了除维生素 D、维生素 E 和胆碱以外的所有宏量和微量营养素的充足量。
健康的饮食模式可以从 UPF 中获得大部分能量，仍然可以获得很高的饮食质量评分，并且含有大多数宏量和微量营养素的充足量。
