饮食模式与骨质疏松症风险的关联：观察性研究的荟萃分析

Association of dietary patterns with osteoporosis risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

作者信息

Tan Bing, Su HongWei, Wei LanYa, Liang Min

机构信息

Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Qingxiu District, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530000, China.

Endocrinology Department, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545000, China.

出版信息

J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 May 30;20(1):551. doi: 10.1186/s13018-025-05896-9.

DOI:10.1186/s13018-025-05896-9

PMID:40448166

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12123886/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dietary patterns play a crucial role in osteoporosis prevention and management. Patients with osteoporosis need to select a dietary pattern for prevention. This meta-analysis aims to examine the influence of eight distinct dietary patterns on the risk of osteoporosis, including dietary inflammatory index (DII), Western/unhealthful dietary pattern, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), prudent/healthful dietary pattern, aquatic dietary pattern, plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI, and unhealthful PDI.

METHODS

Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for observational studies up to April 10, 2025. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effect models. Heterogeneity was evaluated by subgroup analyses and publication bias was assessed by Egger's test. If there was a risk of bias, the sensitivity analysis and trim-and-fill analysis were conducted. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to compare the lowest and highest dietary pattern categories.

RESULTS

A total of 2,620 studies were retrieved, among which 2,600 were excluded. 20 observational studies, involving 8 dietary patterns were included, with 426,292 participants. The highest DII (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.39, 2.37; P < 0.001) and the high adherence of unhealthful PDI (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.68; P = 0.003) were correlated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Conversely, the highest category of the prudent/healthful dietary pattern (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.83; P < 0.001) presented a low osteoporosis risk. The Western/unhealthful dietary pattern, DASH, aquatic dietary pattern, and high adherence to PDI and healthy PDI dietary patterns were not associated with osteoporosis risk (All P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

High DII or unhealthy PDI scores were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis, while high adherence to prudent/healthy dietary patterns reduced the risk of osteoporosis.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

This paper was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024585588).

摘要

背景

饮食模式在骨质疏松症的预防和管理中起着至关重要的作用。骨质疏松症患者需要选择一种饮食模式来进行预防。本荟萃分析旨在研究八种不同饮食模式对骨质疏松症风险的影响，包括饮食炎症指数（DII）、西方/不健康饮食模式、终止高血压饮食方法（DASH）、谨慎/健康饮食模式、水生饮食模式、植物性饮食指数（PDI）、健康PDI和不健康PDI。

方法

系统检索Embase、科学网、PubMed和Cochrane图书馆截至2025年4月10日的观察性研究。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。通过亚组分析评估异质性，并通过Egger检验评估发表偏倚。如果存在偏倚风险，则进行敏感性分析和修剪填充分析。合并优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）以比较最低和最高饮食模式类别。

结果

共检索到2620项研究，其中2600项被排除。纳入了20项观察性研究，涉及8种饮食模式，共426292名参与者。最高的DII（OR：1.82；95%CI：1.39，2.37；P < 0.001）和不健康PDI的高依从性（OR：1.37；95%CI：1.11，1.68；P = 0.003）与骨质疏松症风险增加相关。相反，谨慎/健康饮食模式的最高类别（OR：0.66；95%CI：0.53，0.83；P < 0.001）显示骨质疏松症风险较低。西方/不健康饮食模式、DASH、水生饮食模式以及对PDI和健康PDI饮食模式的高依从性与骨质疏松症风险无关（所有P > 0.05）。