University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.
Equimundo Center for Masculinities and Social Justice, Washington, DC, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Oct;38(19-20):11220-11242. doi: 10.1177/08862605231179717. Epub 2023 Jun 26.
Engaging adolescent males is a promising violence prevention strategy. This study explored primary versus secondary prevention effects of a gender-transformative program (i.e., Manhood 2.0) versus job-readiness training on multiple forms of violence perpetration. Adolescent males, ages 13 to 19 years, were recruited through youth-serving organizations in Pittsburgh, PA, between July 27, 2015, and June 5, 2017, to participate in an unblinded community-based cluster-randomized trial in 20 neighborhoods. The intervention curriculum, Manhood 2.0, focused on challenging norms that foster gender-based violence and building bystander skills. The control program was job-readiness training. We completed a planned secondary analysis of surveys from baseline and 9 months post intervention (follow-up), wherein we stratified participants based on any sexual violence/adolescent relationship abuse (SV/ARA) at baseline and examined risk of perpetration of SV/ARA, incapacitated sex, sexual harassment, cyber sexual abuse, peer violence, bullying, and homophobic teasing at follow-up. Among 866 participants, mean age was 15.6 years, 70% identified as Black, 6% as Hispanic, and 6% as multiracial. In both the Manhood 2.0 intervention group and job-readiness control groups, youth who reported SV/ARA at baseline were significantly more likely to report any form of SV/ARA, incapacitated sex, sexual harassment, cyber sexual abuse, bullying, and homophobic teasing at follow-up. Among participants who reported no SV/ARA perpetration at baseline, participating in the Manhood 2.0 intervention program was associated with increased risk of SV/ARA at follow-up compared to participating in the job-readiness control program. Among participants who reported SV/ARA perpetration at baseline, participating in the Manhood 2.0 intervention group was associated with lower risk of peer violence at follow-up. Synergizing gender-transformative approaches with job-readiness training may offer opportunities for crosscutting prevention programming to address multiple forms of violence.
吸引青少年男性是一种有前途的暴力预防策略。本研究探讨了性别转换项目（即 Manhood 2.0）与就业准备培训对多种形式暴力行为的一级和二级预防效果。年龄在 13 至 19 岁的青少年男性通过宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的青年服务组织招募，参加了 2015 年 7 月 27 日至 2017 年 6 月 5 日之间进行的一项基于社区的、无盲的、集群随机试验，该试验在 20 个社区进行。干预课程 Manhood 2.0 侧重于挑战助长基于性别的暴力的规范，并培养旁观者技能。对照组方案是就业准备培训。我们对基线和干预后 9 个月（随访）的调查进行了计划的二次分析，根据基线时是否存在任何性暴力/青少年关系虐待（SV/ARA）对参与者进行分层，并在随访时检查 SV/ARA、性无能、性骚扰、网络性虐待、同伴暴力、欺凌和恐同戏弄的发生风险。在 866 名参与者中，平均年龄为 15.6 岁，70%的参与者为黑人，6%的参与者为西班牙裔，6%的参与者为多种族。在 Manhood 2.0 干预组和就业准备对照组中，基线时报告 SV/ARA 的青少年在随访时报告任何形式的 SV/ARA、性无能、性骚扰、网络性虐待、欺凌和恐同戏弄的可能性显著更高。在基线时报告没有 SV/ARA 行为的参与者中，与参加就业准备对照组相比，参加 Manhood 2.0 干预项目与随访时 SV/ARA 风险增加相关。在基线时报告 SV/ARA 行为的参与者中，参加 Manhood 2.0 干预组与随访时同伴暴力风险降低相关。将性别转换方法与就业准备培训相结合可能为交叉预防计划提供机会，以解决多种形式的暴力行为。
