Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego.
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine.
J Fam Psychol. 2023 Sep;37(6):763-773. doi: 10.1037/fam0001125. Epub 2023 Jun 26.
Low parental warmth and high control are associated with parental depression and with the development of depression in children. The majority of this research, however, has focused on non-Hispanic White (NHW) parents. The present study tested whether parenting behaviors differed by race/ethnicity in a sample ( = 169) of parents with a history of depression. Participants were drawn from a randomized trial designed to prevent depression in at-risk adolescents (ages 9-15 years old). All participating parents had a current or past depressive episode within the youth's lifetime. Parents self-classified as 67.5% NHW, 17.2% Latinx (LA), and 15.4% Black (BL). Youths and parents completed standardized positive and negative interaction tasks; trained raters coded the videotaped interactions for parental warmth and control. Analyses examined the impact of race/ethnicity, current parent depression symptoms, context of the discussion (positive/negative task), and demographic covariates on observed parenting behaviors. Results revealed significant interactions among race/ethnicity, depression, and task type. Differences in warmth and control between racial/ethnic groups were more likely to be observed in negative interactions and when parents' depression symptoms were lower. In these circumstances, BL parents were rated as higher in control and lower in warmth than NHW parents. Results add to the literature on racial/ethnic differences in parenting among parents with a history of depression and highlight the importance of assessing parenting in context to capture more subtle patterns of interactions between parents and offspring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
低亲温暖度和高控制度与父母抑郁以及儿童抑郁的发展有关。然而，大多数此类研究都集中在非西班牙裔白人（NHW）父母身上。本研究在一个有抑郁史的父母样本（n=169）中测试了育儿行为是否因种族/民族而异。参与者来自一项旨在预防青少年（9-15 岁）高危人群抑郁的随机试验。所有参与的父母在青少年的一生中都有当前或过去的抑郁发作。父母自我分类为 67.5%的 NHW、17.2%的拉丁裔（LA）和 15.4%的黑人（BL）。青少年和父母完成了标准化的积极和消极互动任务；经过培训的评估人员根据视频互动对父母的温暖和控制程度进行了编码。分析考察了种族/民族、当前父母抑郁症状、讨论背景（积极/消极任务）和人口统计学协变量对观察到的育儿行为的影响。结果显示，种族/民族、抑郁和任务类型之间存在显著的相互作用。在消极互动和父母抑郁症状较低的情况下，不同种族/民族之间的温暖度和控制度差异更有可能被观察到。在这些情况下，BL 父母的控制度比 NHW 父母高，而温暖度比 NHW 父母低。研究结果增加了有关有抑郁史的父母在育儿方面的种族/民族差异的文献，并强调了在评估育儿行为时需要考虑到背景，以捕捉父母与子女之间更微妙的互动模式。
