Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Jun 26;195(7):885. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11515-z.
Residential buildings generate significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consume energy throughout their life cycle. In recent years, research on GHG emissions and energy consumption of buildings has developed rapidly in response to the growing climate change and energy crisis. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important method for evaluating the environmental impacts of the building sector. However, LCA studies of buildings show widely varying outcomes across the world. Besides, environmental impact assessment from a whole life cycle perspective has been undeveloped and slow. Our work presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of LCA studies on GHG emissions and energy consumption in the preuse, use, and demolition stages of residential buildings. We aim to examine the differences among the results of diverse case studies and demonstrate the spectrum of variations under contextual disparities. Results show that residential building emits about 2928 kg GHG emission and consumes about 7430 kWh of energy per m of gross building area on average throughout the life cycle. Residential buildings have an average GHG emission of 84.81% in the use phase, followed by the preuse phase and demolition phase; the mean energy consumption in the use stage occupied the largest share of 84.52%, followed by preuse stage and demolition stage. GHG emissions and energy use vary significantly in different regions due to different building types, natural conditions, and lifestyles. Our study stresses the compelling requirement to slash GHG emissions and optimize energy consumption from residential buildings by use of low carbon building materials, energy structure adjustment, consumer behavior transformation, etc.
住宅建筑在其生命周期内会产生大量的温室气体 (GHG) 排放并消耗能源。近年来，随着气候变化和能源危机的加剧，建筑领域的 GHG 排放和能源消耗研究迅速发展。生命周期评估 (LCA) 是评估建筑部门环境影响的重要方法。然而，世界各地的建筑 LCA 研究结果差异很大。此外，从全生命周期的角度进行环境影响评估还不够发达和缓慢。我们的工作对住宅建筑在预使用、使用和拆除阶段的 GHG 排放和能源消耗的 LCA 研究进行了系统的回顾和荟萃分析。我们旨在检查不同案例研究结果之间的差异，并展示在背景差异下的变化范围。结果表明，住宅建筑在整个生命周期内每平方米总建筑面积平均排放约 2928 公斤 GHG 排放，消耗约 7430 千瓦时的能源。住宅建筑在使用阶段的平均 GHG 排放量为 84.81%，其次是预使用阶段和拆除阶段；使用阶段的平均能源消耗占比最大，为 84.52%，其次是预使用阶段和拆除阶段。由于不同的建筑类型、自然条件和生活方式，不同地区的 GHG 排放和能源使用存在显著差异。我们的研究强调了通过使用低碳建筑材料、调整能源结构、改变消费者行为等措施来减少住宅建筑的 GHG 排放和优化能源消耗的迫切需求。
