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Q的启示:“匿名者Q”阴谋论在美国福音派基督徒中的传播与共鸣以及新冠疫情危机的作用

The revelations of Q. Dissemination and resonance of the QAnon conspiracy theory among US Evangelical Christians and the role of the Covid-19 crisis.

作者信息

Beyer Heiko, Herrberg Niklas

机构信息

Institute for the Social Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

出版信息

Z Relig Ges Polit. 2023 Mar 1:1-19. doi: 10.1007/s41682-023-00147-2.

Abstract

Previous studies show that the QAnon conspiracy theory is especially popular among American evangelical Christians. The paper investigates the reasons behind this relationship. We hypothesize a mediation relationship between evangelical dogma and how it is practiced on the one hand and the susceptibility for conspiracy thinking on the other hand. We argue that evangelicalism due to its biblicism is characterized by the belief that its perception of reality holds absolute truth (nomization), that the world can be clearly divided into good and evil (Manichaeism), and that salvation can be achieved through political means (immanent eschatology). Those beliefs, in turn, in the uncertain times of the Covid crisis resonate with the cognitive (epistemic), the affective (moral), and conative (eschatological) elements of conspiracy theories. Using data of waves 46 (March 2019), 68 (April 2020), and 73 (September 2020) of the American Trends Panel, conducted by the PEW Research Center we show respective mediation effects: Evangelical Christians are particularly convinced that their religion alone holds absolute truth and that religion has not enough influence on politics. The latter also correlates with the conspiracy belief that "powerful people intentionally planned the Covid outbreak". QAnon support again is linked both to such Covid related conspiracy thinking and the three elements of nomization, Manichaeism, and immanent eschatology.

摘要

以往的研究表明,“匿名者Q”阴谋论在美国福音派基督徒中特别流行。本文调查了这种关系背后的原因。我们假设福音派教义及其践行方式与阴谋思维易感性之间存在中介关系。我们认为,福音派因其圣经主义的特点,表现为相信其对现实的认知持有绝对真理(常态化),世界可清晰分为善恶(摩尼教),且救赎可通过政治手段实现(内在末世论)。反过来,在新冠疫情危机的不确定时期,这些信念与阴谋论的认知(认识论)、情感(道德)和意动(末世论)元素产生共鸣。利用皮尤研究中心进行的美国趋势调查第46波(2019年3月)、第68波(2020年4月)和第73波(2020年9月)的数据,我们展示了相应的中介效应:福音派基督徒尤其坚信只有他们的宗教持有绝对真理,且宗教对政治的影响不足。后者还与“有权势的人故意策划了新冠疫情爆发”这一阴谋论信念相关。对“匿名者Q”的支持同样与这种与新冠疫情相关的阴谋思维以及常态化、摩尼教和内在末世论的三个元素有关。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4c3b/9975869/9d5e6e7b7df1/41682_2023_147_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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