Optimizing ship speed depending on cargo and wind-sea conditions for sustainable blue growth and climate change mitigation.

The impact of fuel consumption on merchant ships is categorized in both economic and environmental ways in terms of sustainable blue growth. Apart from the economic benefits of reducing fuel consumption, attention should be paid to related environmental concerns with ship fuels. As a result of global regulations and agreements concerning mitigating greenhouse gases on board, such as the International Maritime Organization and Paris Agreement, ships have to take a step to reduce fuel consumption to adopt these regulations. The present study aims to determine optimal speed diversity depending on ships' cargo amounts and wind-sea states to reduce fuel consumption. Within this context, one-year voyage data from two model sister Ro-Ro cargo ships were used, including daily ship speed, daily fuel consumption, ballast water consumption, total ship cargo consumption, sea state, and wind state. The genetic algorithm method was used to determine the optimal diversity rate. In conclusion, after speed optimization, optimum speed result values are calculated between 16.59 and 17.29 knots; thus, approximately 18% of exhaust gas emissions were also reduced.