University College of Marine, Nautical and Radio-Electronic Engineering, Energy Efficiency in Maritime Transport Research Group, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Spain.
University College of Marine, Nautical and Radio-Electronic Engineering, Energy Efficiency in Maritime Transport Research Group, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 10;650(Pt 1):575-584. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.045. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
With the aim of more reliably measuring ships' fuel consumption and emissions several different estimation methods have been put forward and are in use but there is ongoing debate still on the best way to measure maritime emissions. Fuel and emissions monitoring are already a common practice in the shipping industry. But there are currently neither harmonised guidelines nor legal requirements that clearly define the method and the rules to follow to monitor on-board fuel consumption for each situation during navigation. In this context, this article describes and compares four existing methods (EPA, IMO, Jalkanen and MAN) for calculating energy consumption and emissions, and presents a more realistic method, based on a case study. The purpose is to examine the differences between all of these methods, in order to propose the most suitable method of obtaining the data needed for better energy management, and a method that can be applied to any type of ship. The case study was carried out on Ro-Pax ships, comparing these four different methods through the application of a bottom-up integrated system approach. The study describes in detail and applies the most complete methodology for calculating energy consumption and emissions during cruising, operating in a Speed Reduction Zone (SRZ), manoeuvring and berthing. Application of the new improved method proposed in this paper could be the first step in implementing operational measures for detecting both abnormal high emissions and abnormal fuel consumption. The application of this method does not, in itself, reduce fuel use or improve efficiency, but it should be the necessary first step to establish uniform operational measures that will improve the management of energy on board ship and monitor accurately the performance of the fleet.
为了更可靠地测量船舶的燃料消耗和排放，已经提出并正在使用几种不同的估计方法，但对于测量海事排放的最佳方法仍存在争议。燃料和排放监测在航运业已经是一种常见的做法。但是，目前既没有协调的准则，也没有法律要求明确规定在航行过程中监测船上燃料消耗的方法和规则，以适用于每种情况。在这种情况下，本文描述并比较了四种现有的计算能源消耗和排放的方法（EPA、IMO、Jalkanen 和 MAN），并提出了一种更现实的方法，基于案例研究。目的是检验所有这些方法之间的差异，以便提出最适合获得更好能源管理所需数据的方法，以及适用于任何类型船舶的方法。案例研究是在 Ro-Pax 船舶上进行的，通过应用自下而上的综合系统方法比较了这四种不同的方法。该研究详细描述并应用了最完整的方法来计算巡航、在减速区（SRZ）运行、操纵和靠泊期间的能源消耗和排放。本文提出的新改进方法的应用可以是实施检测异常高排放和异常燃料消耗的操作措施的第一步。该方法的应用本身并不能减少燃料使用或提高效率，但它应该是建立统一操作措施的必要第一步，这些措施将提高船上能源管理水平，并准确监测船队的性能。
