Bonzio S, Fano V, Graziani P, Pra Baldi M
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
J Philos Logic. 2023 Apr 11:1-28. doi: 10.1007/s10992-022-09697-x.
In the logical context, ignorance is traditionally defined recurring to epistemic logic. In particular, ignorance is essentially interpreted as "lack of knowledge". This received view has - as we point out - some problems, in particular we will highlight how it does not allow to express a type of content-theoretic ignorance, i.e. an ignorance of that stems from an unfamiliarity with its meaning. Contrarily to this trend, in this paper, we introduce and investigate a modal logic having a primitive epistemic operator , modeling ignorance. Our modal logic is essentially constructed on the modal logics based on weak Kleene three-valued logic introduced by Segerberg ((1):53-71, 1997). Such non-classical propositional basis allows to define a Kripke-style semantics with the following, very intuitive, interpretation: a formula is ignored by an agent if is neither true nor false in every world accessible to the agent. As a consequence of this choice, we obtain a type of content-theoretic notion of ignorance, which is essentially different from the traditional approach. We dub it . We axiomatize, prove completeness and decidability for the logic of reflexive (three-valued) Kripke frames, which we find the most suitable candidate for our novel proposal and, finally, compare our approach with the most traditional one.
在逻辑语境中,无知传统上是通过认知逻辑来定义的。具体而言,无知本质上被解释为“缺乏知识”。正如我们所指出的,这种传统观点存在一些问题,特别是我们将强调它如何无法表达一种内容理论上的无知,即由于对其含义不熟悉而产生的无知。与这种趋势相反,在本文中,我们引入并研究一种具有原始认知算子(I)的模态逻辑,用于对无知进行建模。我们的模态逻辑本质上是基于由塞格伯格((1):53 - 71,1997)引入的基于弱克莱尼三值逻辑的模态逻辑构建的。这种非经典命题基础允许定义一种克里普克式语义,其具有如下非常直观的解释:如果公式(\varphi)在主体可及的每个世界中既非真也非假,那么主体就忽略该公式(\varphi)。作为这种选择的结果,我们获得了一种内容理论上的无知概念,它与传统方法本质上不同。我们将其称为(I)-无知。我们对自反(三值)克里普克框架的逻辑进行公理化,证明其完备性和可判定性,我们发现它是我们新提议的最合适候选者,最后,将我们的方法与最传统的方法进行比较。