Leporini Roberto
Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Via dei Caniana, 2, I-24127 Bergamo, Italy.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Jun 10;23(6):735. doi: 10.3390/e23060735.
We consider a semantics based on the peculiar holistic features of the quantum formalism. Any formula of the language gives rise to a quantum circuit that transforms the density operator associated to the formula into the density operator associated to the atomic subformulas in a reversible way. The procedure goes from the whole to the parts against the compositionality-principle and gives rise to a semantic characterization for a new form of quantum logic that has been called "Łukasiewicz quantum computational logic". It is interesting to compare the logic based on qubit-semantics with that on qudit-semantics. Having in mind the relationships between classical logic and Łukasiewicz-many valued logics, one could expect that the former is stronger than the fragment of the latter. However, this is not the case. From an intuitive point of view, this can be explained by recalling that the former is a very weak form of logic. Many important logical arguments, which are valid either in Birkhoff and von Neumann's quantum logic or in classical logic, are generally violated.
我们考虑一种基于量子形式体系独特整体特征的语义学。语言中的任何公式都会产生一个量子电路,该电路以可逆方式将与该公式相关联的密度算子转换为与原子子公式相关联的密度算子。此过程违背了合成性原则,从整体到部分进行,从而产生了一种新形式的量子逻辑的语义特征,这种量子逻辑被称为“卢卡西维茨量子计算逻辑”。将基于量子比特语义的逻辑与基于量子位语义的逻辑进行比较是很有趣的。考虑到经典逻辑与卢卡西维茨多值逻辑之间的关系,人们可能会预期前者比后者的片段更强。然而,事实并非如此。从直观的角度来看,这可以通过回忆起前者是一种非常弱的逻辑形式来解释。许多在伯克霍夫和冯·诺依曼的量子逻辑或经典逻辑中有效的重要逻辑论证通常都不成立。