School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 May 26;13(6):579. doi: 10.3390/bios13060579.
There is a constant need to maintain the quality of consumed food. In retrospect to the recent pandemic and other food-related problems, scientists have focused on the numbers of microorganisms that are present in different food items. As a result of changes in certain environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, there is a constant risk for the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, in consumed food. This questions the edibility of the food items, and constant monitoring to avoid food poisoning-related diseases is required. Among the different nanomaterials used to develop sensors to detect microorganisms, graphene has been one of the primary materials due to its exceptional electromechanical properties. Graphene sensors are able to detect microorganisms in both a composite and non-composite manner, due to their excellent electrochemical characteristics such as their high aspect ratios, excellent charge transfer capacity and high electron mobility. The paper depicts the fabrication of some of these graphene-based sensors, and their utilization to detect bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms that are present in very small amounts in different food items. In addition to the classified manner of the graphene-based sensors, this paper also depicts some of the challenges that exist in current scenarios, and their possible remedies.
需要不断保持所食用食物的质量。回顾最近的大流行病和其他与食物相关的问题，科学家们关注的是不同食物中存在的微生物数量。由于温度和湿度等某些环境因素的变化，食用食物中有害微生物（如细菌和真菌）的生长始终存在风险。这就质疑了食物的可食用性，需要进行持续监测以避免与食物中毒相关的疾病。在用于开发检测微生物的传感器的不同纳米材料中，由于其出色的机电性能，石墨烯一直是主要材料之一。由于其出色的电化学特性，如高纵横比、出色的电荷转移能力和高电子迁移率，石墨烯传感器能够以复合材料和非复合材料的方式检测微生物。本文描述了一些基于石墨烯的传感器的制造方法，以及它们在检测不同食物中含量非常低的细菌、真菌和其他微生物中的应用。除了基于石墨烯的传感器的分类方式外，本文还描述了当前情况下存在的一些挑战及其可能的解决方案。
