Chanyachailert Pattriya, Leeyaphan Charussri, Bunyaratavej Sumanas
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Jun 14;9(6):669. doi: 10.3390/jof9060669.
Cutaneous fungal infection of the skin and nails poses a significant global public health challenge. Dermatophyte infection, mainly caused by spp., is the primary pathogenic agent responsible for skin, hair, and nail infections worldwide. The epidemiology of these infections varies depending on the geographic location and specific population. However, epidemiological pattern changes have occurred over the past decade. The widespread availability of antimicrobials has led to an increased risk of promoting resistant strains through inappropriate treatment. The escalating prevalence of resistant spp. infections in the past decade has raised serious healthcare concerns on a global scale. Non-dermatophyte infections, on the other hand, present even greater challenges in terms of treatment due to the high failure rate of antifungal therapy. These organisms primarily target the nails, feet, and hands. The diagnosis of cutaneous fungal infections relies on clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, and other ancillary tools available in an outpatient care setting. This review aims to present an updated and comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic testing methods for cutaneous fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. An accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and minimizing the risk of antifungal resistance.
皮肤和指甲的皮肤真菌感染对全球公共卫生构成重大挑战。皮肤癣菌感染主要由 种引起，是全球范围内导致皮肤、毛发和指甲感染的主要病原体。这些感染的流行病学因地理位置和特定人群而异。然而，在过去十年中流行病学模式发生了变化。抗菌药物的广泛使用导致通过不适当治疗促进耐药菌株产生的风险增加。过去十年中耐药 种感染的患病率不断上升，在全球范围内引发了严重的医疗保健问题。另一方面，非皮肤癣菌感染在治疗方面带来了更大的挑战，因为抗真菌治疗的失败率很高。这些病原体主要侵袭指甲、足部和手部。皮肤真菌感染的诊断依赖于临床表现、实验室检查以及门诊护理环境中可用的其他辅助工具。本综述旨在对皮肤癣菌和非皮肤癣菌引起的皮肤真菌感染的流行病学、临床表现和诊断测试方法进行更新和全面分析。准确诊断对于有效管理和降低抗真菌耐药性风险至关重要。
