Pilz Julia Felicitas, Schaller Martin, Köberle Martin, Lorz Alexandra, Bamarni Avend, Sitaru Sebastian, Schauer Franziska, Seidl Hans Peter, Biedermann Tilo, Zink Alexander, Eyerich Kilian, Pilz Anna Caroline
Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Mycoses. 2025 Apr;68(4):e70053. doi: 10.1111/myc.70053.
In mid-2024, German media reported increasing fungal infections by Trichophyton tonsurans linked to visits to barbershops. However, epidemiological data confirming a rise in tinea capitis and tinea corporis due to Trichophyton tonsurans are lacking.
This study assesses dermatophyte species and clinical types of infections in German university hospitals in 2018 and 2023.
PATIENTS/METHODS: This retrospective, multicentre study analyses mycological culture results from three Departments of Dermatology in Freiburg, Tübingen and Munich. The dermatophyte, along with the sampled body site, age and gender of the affected patient, was recorded.
1915 patients (male: 66.1%; mean age: 50 ± 24 years) with a dermatophyte-positive culture were identified. The most common dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum (2018: 78.7%; 2023: 66.3%) with tinea pedis and tinea unguium being the most prevalent types of infection. An increase in tinea corporis and tinea capitis was observed, with tinea capitis doubling from 4.3% to 9.3%. In 2023, Trichophyton tonsurans emerged as the prevailing dermatophyte (67.6%) in tinea capitis and as the second most frequent agent in tinea corporis (26.3%). This dominance of Trichophyton tonsurans was consistently observed across all three study centres. Trichophyton tonsurans affected patients presented a median age of 18 years in 2023 (vs. 9 years in 2018) and an amplified imbalance towards the male gender.
The pathogen spectrum and infection patterns have changed in Germany due to the increase of Trichophyton tonsurans infections. Intensified screening and hygiene measures, as well as adaptation of initial empiric treatment of tinea capitis, should be considered.
2024年年中，德国媒体报道，与光顾理发店有关的断发毛癣菌引起的真菌感染有所增加。然而，目前缺乏证实断发毛癣菌导致头癣和体癣增多的流行病学数据。
本研究评估2018年和2023年德国大学医院中皮肤癣菌种类及感染的临床类型。
患者/方法：这项回顾性多中心研究分析了弗赖堡、图宾根和慕尼黑三个皮肤科的真菌培养结果。记录了皮肤癣菌以及受影响患者的采样身体部位、年龄和性别。
共确定了1915例皮肤癣菌培养阳性患者（男性：66.1%；平均年龄：50±24岁）。最常见的皮肤癣菌是红色毛癣菌（2018年：78.7%；2023年：66.3%），足癣和甲癣是最常见的感染类型。观察到体癣和头癣有所增加，头癣从4.3%增至9.3%，翻了一番。2023年，断发毛癣菌成为头癣中占主导地位的皮肤癣菌（67.6%），也是体癣中第二常见的病原体（26.3%）。在所有三个研究中心均一致观察到断发毛癣菌的这种优势地位。2023年，受断发毛癣菌感染的患者中位年龄为18岁（2018年为9岁），且男性比例失衡加剧。
由于断发毛癣菌感染增加，德国的病原体谱和感染模式已发生变化。应考虑加强筛查和卫生措施，以及对头癣初始经验性治疗方案进行调整。
