Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2023 Dec;47(6):2841-2852. doi: 10.1007/s00266-023-03450-8. Epub 2023 Jun 27.
The blood supply of the tissue is very important in the acceleration of wound healing. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF) and the pulsed magnetic field (PMF) increase vasodilation to contribute wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RF and PMF on wound healing via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (Hif-1α)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway.
Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups as sham (wound created only), PMF (27.12 MHz, 12 times a day at 30-min intervals), RF (0.5 mT, continuously) and PMF + RF groups. Wounds were created at 1.5 × 1.5 cm size to the dorsal region, and animals were put into unit. Six animals were killed on days 4 and 7; wound tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical as collagen-4, cytokeratin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) staining and Hif-1α/eNOS/VEGF expressions.
On day 4, in addition to increasing VEGF and MMP-9 stainings, connection between intact tissue and scar tissue which was stronger in the RF- and PMF-applied groups was observed. On day 7, epithelization started; inflammatory reaction decreased; collagen production, cytokeratin, VEGF and MMP-9 expression enhanced, especially in the RF + PMF applied group. eNOS, Hif-1α and VEGF expression levels were found to be significantly highest in both days of RF + PMF-applied group.
This study revealed that both in vitro RF and PMF applications can cause notable changes in factors that are required for tissue repair on wound healing such as epithelization, connective tissue formation, collagen production and angiogenesis via vasodilatory Hif-1α/eNOS pathway and VEGF signaling.
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组织的血液供应对于加速伤口愈合非常重要。射频电磁场（RF）和脉冲磁场（PMF）可增加血管扩张，促进伤口愈合。本研究旨在通过缺氧诱导因子-1α（Hif-1α）/内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）途径评估 RF 和 PMF 对伤口愈合的影响。
将 48 只大鼠分为 4 组：假手术组（仅造伤口）、PMF 组（27.12 MHz，每天 12 次，间隔 30 分钟）、RF 组（0.5 mT，连续）和 PMF+RF 组。在背部区域创建 1.5×1.5 cm 大小的伤口，将动物放入单元中。第 4 天和第 7 天处死 6 只动物；收集伤口组织进行组织病理学、免疫组织化学染色，检测胶原-4、细胞角蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达以及 Hif-1α/eNOS/VEGF 的表达。
第 4 天，除了增加 VEGF 和 MMP-9 染色外，还观察到 RF 和 PMF 应用组中完整组织和疤痕组织之间的连接更强。第 7 天，开始上皮化；炎症反应减少；胶原生成、细胞角蛋白、VEGF 和 MMP-9 表达增强，尤其是在 RF+PMF 应用组中。在第 4 天和第 7 天，RF+PMF 应用组的 eNOS、Hif-1α 和 VEGF 的表达水平均显著最高。
本研究表明，体外 RF 和 PMF 应用均可通过血管舒张 Hif-1α/eNOS 途径和 VEGF 信号传导，在伤口愈合的组织修复所需的因子（如上皮化、结缔组织形成、胶原生成和血管生成）方面引起显著变化。
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