The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2023 Dec;30(6):2387-2396. doi: 10.3758/s13423-023-02321-2. Epub 2023 Jun 27.
Why do people believe implausible claims like conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, and fake news? Past studies using the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) suggest that implausible beliefs may result from an unwillingness to effortfully process information (i.e., cognitive miserliness). Our analysis (N = 664) tests this account by comparing CRT performance (total score, number and proportion of incorrect intuitive responses, and completion time) for endorsers and non-endorsers of implausible claims. Our results show that endorsers performed worse than non-endorsers on the CRT, but they took significantly longer to answer the questions and did not make proportionally more intuitive mistakes. Endorsers therefore appear to process information effortfully but nonetheless score lower on the CRT. Poorer overall CRT performance may not necessarily indicate that those who endorse implausible beliefs have a more reflexive, intuitive, or non-analytical cognitive style than non-endorsers.
为什么人们会相信像阴谋论、伪科学和假新闻这样难以置信的说法呢？过去使用认知反射测试（CRT）的研究表明，难以置信的信念可能是由于不愿意费力地处理信息（即认知吝啬）造成的。我们的分析（N=664）通过比较对难以置信的说法的支持者和非支持者的 CRT 表现（总分、错误直觉反应的数量和比例以及完成时间）来验证这一说法。我们的结果表明，支持者在 CRT 上的表现比非支持者差，但他们回答问题的时间明显更长，并且没有按比例犯更多的直觉错误。因此，支持者似乎在努力处理信息，但在 CRT 上的得分仍然较低。整体 CRT 表现较差不一定表明那些支持难以置信的信念的人比非支持者具有更具反射性、直觉性或非分析性的认知风格。
