Wongloet Wongsathit, Singchat Worapong, Chaiyes Aingorn, Ali Hina, Piangporntip Surachai, Ariyaraphong Nattakan, Budi Trifan, Thienpreecha Worawit, Wannakan Wannapa, Mungmee Autchariyapron, Jaisamut Kittipong, Thong Thanyapat, Panthum Thitipong, Ahmad Syed Farhan, Lisachov Artem, Suksavate Warong, Muangmai Narongrit, Chuenka Rattanaphon, Nunome Mitsuo, Chamchumroon Wiyada, Han Kyudong, Nuangmek Aniroot, Matsuda Yoichi, Duengkae Prateep, Srikulnath Kornsorn
Animal Genomics and Bioresource Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jun 10;13(12):1949. doi: 10.3390/ani13121949.
Understanding the genetic diversity of domestic chicken breeds under the impact of socio-cultural and ecological dynamics is vital for the conservation of natural resources. Mae Hong Son chicken is a local breed of North Thai domestic chicken widely distributed in Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand; however, its genetic characterization, origin, and diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the socio-cultural, environmental, and genetic aspects of the Mae Hong Son chicken breed and investigated its diversity and allelic gene pool. We genotyped 28 microsatellite markers and analyzed mitochondrial D-loop sequencing data to evaluate genetic diversity and assessed spatial habitat suitability using maximum entropy modeling. Sequence diversity analysis revealed a total of 188 genotyped alleles, with overall nucleotide diversity of 0.014 ± 0.007, indicating that the Mae Hong Son chicken population is genetically highly diverse, with 35 (M1-M35) haplotypes clustered into haplogroups A, B, E, and F, mostly in the North ecotype. Allelic gene pool patterns showed a unique DNA fingerprint of the Mae Hong Son chicken, as compared to other breeds and red junglefowl. A genetic introgression of some parts of the gene pool of red junglefowl and other indigenous breeds was identified in the Mae Hong Son chicken, supporting the hypothesis of the origin of the Mae Hong Son chicken. During domestication in the past 200-300 years after the crossing of indigenous chickens and red junglefowl, the Mae Hong Son chicken has adapted to the highland environment and played a significant socio-cultural role in the Northern Thai community. The unique genetic fingerprint of the Mae Hong Son chicken, retaining a high level of genetic variability that includes a dynamic demographic and domestication history, as well as a range of ecological factors, might reshape the adaptation of this breed under selective pressure.
了解社会文化和生态动态影响下家鸡品种的遗传多样性对于自然资源保护至关重要。湄宏顺鸡是泰国北部家鸡的一个本地品种，广泛分布于泰国湄宏顺省；然而，其遗传特征、起源和多样性仍知之甚少。在此，我们研究了湄宏顺鸡品种的社会文化、环境和遗传方面，并调查了其多样性和等位基因库。我们对28个微卫星标记进行了基因分型，并分析了线粒体D环测序数据以评估遗传多样性，并使用最大熵模型评估空间栖息地适宜性。序列多样性分析共揭示了188个基因分型等位基因，总体核苷酸多样性为0.014±0.007，表明湄宏顺鸡群体在遗传上高度多样，35种（M1 - M35）单倍型聚为A、B、E和F单倍群，主要分布在北方生态型中。与其他品种和红原鸡相比，等位基因库模式显示出湄宏顺鸡独特的DNA指纹。在湄宏顺鸡中鉴定出红原鸡和其他本土品种基因库某些部分的基因渗入，支持了湄宏顺鸡起源的假说。在本土鸡与红原鸡杂交后的过去200 - 300年驯化过程中，湄宏顺鸡适应了高地环境，并在泰国北部社区发挥了重要的社会文化作用。湄宏顺鸡独特的遗传指纹保留了高水平的遗传变异性，包括动态的种群统计学和驯化历史以及一系列生态因素，这可能会在选择压力下重塑该品种的适应性。
