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利用微卫星标记研究卢旺达本土鸡的遗传多样性和种群结构。

Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken in Rwanda using microsatellite markers.

机构信息

Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, College of Agriculture, Nyagatare, Rwanda.

Department of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Genomics Group, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2020 Apr 2;15(4):e0225084. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225084. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Rwanda has about 4.5 million of indigenous chicken (IC) that are very low in productivity. To initiate any genetic improvement programme, IC needs to be accurately characterized. The key purpose of this study was to ascertain the genetic diversity of IC in Rwanda using microsatellite markers. Blood samples of IC sampled from 5 agro-ecological zones were collected from which DNA was extracted, amplified by PCR and genotyped using 28 microsatellite markers. A total of 325 (313 indigenous and 12 exotic) chickens were genotyped and revealed a total number of 305 alleles varying between 2 and 22 with a mean of 10.89 per locus. One hundred eighty-six (186) distinct alleles and 60 private alleles were also observed. The frequency of private alleles was highest in samples from the Eastern region, whereas those from the North West had the lowest. The influx of genes was lower in the Eastern agro-ecological zone than the North West. The mean observed heterozygosity was 0.6155, whereas the average expected heterozygosity was 0.688. The overall inbreeding coefficient among the population was 0.040. Divergence from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was significant (p<0.05) in 90% of loci in all the populations. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that about 92% of the total variation originated from variation within populations. Additionally, the study demonstrated that IC in Rwanda could be clustered into four gene groups. In conclusion, there was considerable genetic diversity in IC in Rwanda, which represents a crucial genetic resource that can be conserved or optimized through genetic improvement.

摘要

卢旺达大约有 450 万只土生土长的鸡(IC),它们的生产力非常低。要启动任何遗传改良计划,IC 需要进行准确的特征描述。本研究的主要目的是利用微卫星标记确定卢旺达 IC 的遗传多样性。从 5 个农业生态区采集了 IC 的血液样本,从中提取 DNA,通过 PCR 扩增,并使用 28 个微卫星标记进行基因分型。总共对 325 只(313 只本土鸡和 12 只外来鸡)鸡进行了基因分型,发现有 305 个等位基因,范围从 2 到 22 个,每个位点的平均值为 10.89。还观察到 186 个独特等位基因和 60 个特有等位基因。特有等位基因的频率在东部地区的样本中最高,而在西北部地区的样本中最低。东部农业生态区的基因流入量低于西北部。观察到的杂合度平均值为 0.6155,而平均预期杂合度为 0.688。总体而言,种群中的近交系数为 0.040。在所有种群的 90%的位点中,偏离 Hardy-Weinberg 平衡是显著的(p<0.05)。分子方差分析表明,约 92%的总变异来自群体内部的变异。此外,该研究表明,卢旺达的 IC 可以聚类为四个基因群。总之,卢旺达的 IC 存在相当大的遗传多样性,这代表了一种可以通过遗传改良来保护或优化的重要遗传资源。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ab2a/7117670/3795fd40456d/pone.0225084.g001.jpg

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