Lauwerys R R, Buchet J P, Roels H
Arch Toxicol. 1979 Feb 23;41(4):239-47. doi: 10.1007/BF00296895.
The authors have reviewed the techniques developed for measuring the concentration of total arsenic and that of some specific arsenic species (As V, As III, aromatic and aliphatic arsenic derivatives) in biological materials mainly in urine. Whether the relative concentrations of these arsenical species found in human urine represent their true distribution in the urine secreted by the kidney (possible change in valence state in the bladder mainly at alkaline pH, breakdown of arsenical derivatives during urine pretreatment) remains to be investigated further. No technique is yet available for measuring specifically the organoarsenic derivative(s) excreted after ingestion of marine animals. No available system has been found that will digest tissues without changing the original valence states of arsenic. Therefore only total arsenic can be measured with accuracy in tissue.
作者们回顾了已开发出的用于测量生物材料（主要是尿液）中总砷以及某些特定砷物种（五价砷、三价砷、芳香族和脂肪族砷衍生物）浓度的技术。人体尿液中发现的这些砷物种的相对浓度是否代表其在肾脏分泌尿液中的真实分布（膀胱中主要在碱性pH值下可能发生的价态变化、尿液预处理过程中砷衍生物的分解）仍有待进一步研究。目前尚无专门用于测量摄入海洋动物后排出的有机砷衍生物的技术。尚未发现有能在不改变砷原始价态的情况下消化组织的系统。因此，在组织中只能准确测量总砷。
