Royal Military College of Canada, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, PO Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Talanta. 2012 Jan 15;88:187-92. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.030. Epub 2011 Oct 29.
Arsenic is ubiquitous in the tissues of marine organisms and in uncontaminated environments it is dominantly present as the highly soluble and easily extractable non-toxic arsenical, arsenobetaine. However in contaminated environments, higher proportions of inorganic arsenic, which is much less soluble, are accumulated into the tissues of marine organisms, resulting in lower extraction efficiencies (defined as the percent extracted arsenic of the total arsenic). This study carried out a comparative analysis between three different two-step arsenic extraction methods based on Foster et al. [27] from highly contaminated tissue of the marine periwinkle, Littorina littorea. The first extraction step used 100% water, 1:1 methanol-water, or a 9:1 methanol-water as the extraction solvent and the second step consisted of a gently heated dilute nitric acid extraction. The optimized two step extraction method was 1:1 methanol-water extraction followed by a 2% HNO(3) extraction, based on maximum amounts of extracted species, including organoarsenic species.
砷在海洋生物组织中普遍存在，在未受污染的环境中，主要以高度可溶性和易提取的无毒砷化合物——砷甜菜碱形式存在。然而，在受污染的环境中，海洋生物组织中积累了更多比例的无机砷，其可溶性较低，导致提取效率较低（定义为总砷中提取的砷的百分比）。本研究对三种不同的两步砷提取方法进行了比较分析，这些方法基于 Foster 等人[27]从受污染的海洋海扇组织中提取高浓度的砷。第一步提取使用 100%水、1:1 甲醇-水或 9:1 甲醇-水作为提取溶剂，第二步是温和加热的稀硝酸提取。基于提取物种（包括有机砷化合物）的最大量，优化的两步提取方法是 1:1 甲醇-水提取，然后是 2% HNO(3)提取。
