College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Englewood, CO 80112, USA.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Englewood, CO 80112, USA.
Cells. 2023 Jun 9;12(12):1595. doi: 10.3390/cells12121595.
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. While clinical outcomes have improved, the 5-year survival rate is only around 60% if discovered early and can require debilitating treatments, such as amputations. A better understanding of the disease could lead to better clinical outcomes for patients with osteosarcoma. One promising avenue of osteosarcoma research is in the field of epigenetics. This research investigates changes in genetic expression that occur above the genome rather than in the genetic code itself. The epigenetics of osteosarcoma is an active area of research that is still not fully understood. In a narrative review, we examine recent advances in the epigenetics of osteosarcoma by reporting biomarkers of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA associated with disease progression. We also show how cancer tumor epigenetic profiles are being used to predict and improve patient outcomes. The papers in this review cover a large range of epigenetic target genes and pathways that modulate many aspects of osteosarcoma, including but not limited to metastases and chemotherapy resistance. Ultimately, this review will shed light on the recent advances in the epigenetics of osteosarcoma and illustrate the clinical benefits of this field of research.
骨肉瘤是儿童和青少年中最常见的恶性原发性骨肿瘤。虽然临床结果有所改善，但如果早期发现，5 年生存率仅约为 60%，而且可能需要进行截肢等致残性治疗。更好地了解这种疾病可能会为骨肉瘤患者带来更好的临床结果。骨肉瘤研究的一个有前途的领域是在表观遗传学领域。这项研究调查了基因组之上发生的基因表达变化，而不是遗传密码本身。骨肉瘤的表观遗传学是一个活跃的研究领域，但仍未被完全理解。在一篇叙述性综述中，我们通过报告与疾病进展相关的 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 的生物标志物，检查了骨肉瘤表观遗传学的最新进展。我们还展示了如何利用癌症肿瘤表观遗传谱来预测和改善患者的预后。本综述中的论文涵盖了大量调节骨肉瘤多个方面的表观遗传靶基因和途径，包括但不限于转移和化疗耐药性。最终，这篇综述将阐明骨肉瘤表观遗传学的最新进展，并说明该研究领域的临床益处。
