Jamrozik Daniel, Dutczak Radosław, Machowicz Joanna, Wojtyniak Alicja, Smędowski Adrian, Pietrucha-Dutczak Marita
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
GlaucoTech Co., Gen., Władysława Sikorskiego 45/177, 40-282 Katowice, Poland.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jun 10;12(6):1251. doi: 10.3390/antiox12061251.
Metallothioneins are the metal-rich proteins that play important roles in metal homeostasis and detoxification. Moreover, these proteins protect cells against oxidative stress, inhibit proapoptotic mechanisms and enhance cell differentiation and survival. Furthermore, MTs, mainly MT-1/2 and MT-3, play a vital role in protecting the neuronal retinal cells in the eye. Expression disorders of these proteins may be responsible for the development of various age-related eye diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa. In this review, we focused on the literature reports suggesting that these proteins may be a key component of the endogenous protection system of the retinal neurons, and, when the expression of MTs is disrupted, this system becomes inefficient. Moreover, we described the location of different MT isoforms in ocular tissues. Then we discussed the changes in MT subtypes' expression in the context of the common eye diseases. Finally, we highlighted the possibility of the use of MTs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
金属硫蛋白是富含金属的蛋白质，在金属稳态和解毒过程中发挥着重要作用。此外，这些蛋白质可保护细胞免受氧化应激，抑制促凋亡机制，并增强细胞分化和存活能力。此外，金属硫蛋白（主要是MT-1/2和MT-3）在保护眼睛中的视网膜神经细胞方面起着至关重要的作用。这些蛋白质的表达紊乱可能是导致各种与年龄相关的眼部疾病（包括青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病性视网膜病变和色素性视网膜炎）发生的原因。在本综述中，我们重点关注了文献报道，这些报道表明这些蛋白质可能是视网膜神经元内源性保护系统的关键组成部分，并且当金属硫蛋白的表达受到干扰时，该系统会变得效率低下。此外，我们描述了不同金属硫蛋白亚型在眼组织中的定位。然后我们在常见眼部疾病的背景下讨论了金属硫蛋白亚型表达的变化。最后，我们强调了将金属硫蛋白用作癌症诊断生物标志物的可能性。
