Khatib Loren, Subasi Bengisu Sezen, Fishman Bettina, Kapun Martin, Tauber Eran
Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jun 14;12(6):858. doi: 10.3390/biology12060858.
Our understanding of the gene regulatory network that constitutes the circadian clock has greatly increased in recent decades, notably due to the use of as a model system. In contrast, the analysis of natural genetic variation that enables the robust function of the clock under a broad range of environments has developed more slowly. In the current study, we analyzed comprehensive genome sequencing data from wild European populations of , which were densely sampled through time and space. We identified hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes associated with the clock, 276 of which exhibited a latitudinal cline in their allele frequencies. While the effect sizes of these clinal patterns were small, indicating subtle adaptations driven by natural selection, they provided important insights into the genetic dynamics of circadian rhythms in natural populations. We selected nine SNPs in different genes and assessed their impact on circadian and seasonal phenotypes by reconstructing outbred populations fixed for either of the SNP alleles, from inbred DGRP strains. The circadian free-running period of the locomotor activity rhythm was affected by an SNP in (dbt) and (). The SNPs in (), (), (), and () affected the acrophase. The alleles of the SNP in conferred different levels of diapause and the chill coma recovery response.
近几十年来，我们对构成生物钟的基因调控网络的理解有了极大的提升，这主要归功于将[具体物种]用作模型系统。相比之下，对能使生物钟在广泛环境下稳健发挥功能的自然遗传变异的分析进展较为缓慢。在当前的研究中，我们分析了来自欧洲野生[具体物种]种群的全基因组测序数据，这些样本在时间和空间上都进行了密集采样。我们在与生物钟相关的9个基因中鉴定出了数百个单核苷酸多态性（SNP），其中276个在等位基因频率上呈现出纬度梯度变化。虽然这些梯度变化模式的效应大小较小，表明是由自然选择驱动的微妙适应，但它们为自然种群中昼夜节律的遗传动态提供了重要见解。我们在不同基因中选择了9个SNP，并通过从近交DGRP品系中重建固定为任一SNP等位基因的远交种群，评估了它们对昼夜节律和季节性表型的影响。运动活动节律的昼夜自由运行周期受到[基因名称1]（dbt）和[基因名称2]（[具体基因名称2]）中一个SNP的影响。[基因名称3]（[具体基因名称3]）、[基因名称4]（[具体基因名称4]）、[基因名称5]（[具体基因名称5]）和[基因名称6]（[具体基因名称6]）中的SNP影响了峰值相位。[基因名称7]（[具体基因名称7]）中SNP的等位基因赋予了不同程度的滞育和冷昏迷恢复反应。
