Britez Jesica Daiana, Rodriguez Anabel Elisa, Di Ciaccio Lucía, Marugán-Hernandez Virginia, Tomazic Mariela Luján
Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Argentina.
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, IPVET, INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Argentina.
Life (Basel). 2023 May 31;13(6):1295. doi: 10.3390/life13061295.
Poultry is the first source of animal protein for human consumption. In a changing world, this sector is facing new challenges, such as a projected increase in demand, higher standards of food quality and safety, and reduction of environmental impact. Chicken coccidiosis is a highly widespread enteric disease caused by spp. which causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide; however, the impact on family poultry holders or backyard production-which plays a key role in food security in small communities and involves mainly rural women-has been little explored. Coccidiosis disease is controlled by good husbandry measures, chemoprophylaxis, and/or live vaccination. The first live vaccines against chicken coccidiosis were developed in the 1950s; however, after more than seven decades, none has reached the market. Current limitations on their use have led to research in next-generation vaccines based on recombinant or live-vectored vaccines. Next-generation vaccines are required to control this complex parasitic disease, and for this purpose, protective antigens need to be identified. In this review, we have scrutinised surface proteins identified so far in spp. affecting chickens. Most of these surface proteins are anchored to the parasite membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule. The biosynthesis of GPIs, as well as the role of currently identified surface proteins and interest as vaccine candidates has been summarised. The potential role of surface proteins in drug resistance and immune escape and how these could limit the efficacy of control strategies was also discussed.
家禽是人类食用动物蛋白的首要来源。在不断变化的世界中，该行业正面临新的挑战，如预计需求的增加、更高的食品质量和安全标准以及环境影响的降低。鸡球虫病是一种由 spp. 引起的高度广泛传播的肠道疾病，给全球家禽业造成了重大经济损失；然而，对家庭家禽养殖户或后院养殖（这在小社区的粮食安全中起着关键作用，且主要涉及农村妇女）的影响却鲜有研究。球虫病通过良好的饲养管理措施、化学预防和/或活疫苗接种来控制。第一代抗鸡球虫病的活疫苗于20世纪50年代研发；然而，七十多年过去了，仍没有一种疫苗进入市场。目前其使用的局限性促使人们开展基于重组或活载体疫苗的下一代疫苗研究。需要下一代疫苗来控制这种复杂的寄生虫病，为此，需要鉴定保护性抗原。在本综述中，我们仔细研究了迄今为止在影响鸡的 spp. 中鉴定出的表面蛋白。这些表面蛋白大多通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）分子锚定在寄生虫膜上。总结了GPI的生物合成以及目前鉴定出的表面蛋白的作用和作为候选疫苗的前景。还讨论了表面蛋白在耐药性和免疫逃逸中的潜在作用以及这些作用如何可能限制控制策略的效果。
