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生活在受控环境中的粪便微生物群特征分析

Faecal Microbiota Characterisation of Living in a Controlled Environment.

作者信息

Scarafile Donatella, Luise Diana, Motta Vincenzo, Spiezio Caterina, Modesto Monica, Porcu Marzia Mattia, Yitzhak Yadid, Correa Federico, Sandri Camillo, Trevisi Paolo, Mattarelli Paola

机构信息

Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

出版信息

Microorganisms. 2023 Jun 9;11(6):1542. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11061542.

Abstract

Intestinal bacteria establish a specific relationship with the host animal, which causes the acquisition of gut microbiota with a unique composition classified as the enterotype. As the name suggests, the Red River Hog is a wild member of the pig family living in Africa, in particular through the West and Central African rainforest. To date, very few studies have analysed the gut microbiota of Red River Hogs (RRHs) both housed under controlled conditions and in wild habitats. This study analysed the intestinal microbiota and the distribution of species in five Red River Hog (RRH) individuals (four adults and one juvenile), hosted in two different modern zoological gardens (Parco Natura Viva, Verona, and Bioparco, Rome) with the aim of disentangling the possible effects of captive different lifestyle and host genetics. Faecal samples were collected and studied both for bifidobacterial counts and isolation by means of culture-dependent method and for total microbiota analysis through the high-quality sequences of the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Results showed a host-specific bifidobacterial species distribution. Indeed, and were found only in Verona RRHs, whereas species were isolated only in Rome RRHs. These bifidobacterial species are also typical of pigs. Bifidobacterial counts were about 10 CFU/g in faecal samples of all the individuals, with the only exception for the juvenile subject, showing 10 CFU/g. As in human beings, in RRHs a higher count of bifidobacteria was also found in the young subject compared with adults. Furthermore, the microbiota of RRHs showed qualitative differences. Indeed, Firmicutes was found to be the dominant phylum in Verona RRHs whereas Bacteroidetes was the most represented in Roma RRHs. At order level, Oscillospirales and Spirochaetales were the most represented in Verona RRHs compared with Rome RRHs, where Bacteroidales dominated over the other taxa. Finally, at the family level, RRHs from the two sites showed the presence of the same families, but with different levels of abundance. Our results highlight that the intestinal microbiota seems to reflect the lifestyle (i.e., the diet), whereas age and host genetics are the driving factors for the bifidobacterial population.

摘要

肠道细菌与宿主动物建立了特定的关系,这导致宿主获得了具有独特组成的肠道微生物群,这种微生物群被归类为肠型。顾名思义,红河猪是猪科的野生成员,生活在非洲,特别是西非和中非的雨林地区。迄今为止,很少有研究分析在受控条件下饲养以及在野生栖息地中的红河猪(RRH)的肠道微生物群。本研究分析了饲养在两个不同的现代动物园(维罗纳的自然公园和罗马的生物公园)中的五只红河猪(RRH)个体(四只成年猪和一只幼猪)的肠道微生物群及其物种分布,目的是弄清楚圈养环境下不同生活方式和宿主基因可能产生的影响。采集了粪便样本,通过依赖培养的方法对双歧杆菌进行计数和分离,并通过细菌16S rRNA的V3 - V4区域的高质量序列对总微生物群进行分析。结果显示了宿主特异性的双歧杆菌物种分布。确实,[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]仅在维罗纳的红河猪中发现,而[具体物种3]仅在罗马的红河猪中分离出来。这些双歧杆菌物种也是猪的典型特征。所有个体粪便样本中的双歧杆菌计数约为10⁶CFU/g,唯一的例外是幼猪个体,其计数为10⁵CFU/g。与人类一样,在红河猪中,幼猪个体的双歧杆菌计数也高于成年猪。此外,红河猪的微生物群在质量上存在差异。确实,厚壁菌门在维罗纳的红河猪中是优势菌门,而拟杆菌门在罗马的红河猪中占比最大。在目水平上,与罗马的红河猪相比,颤螺菌目和螺旋体目在维罗纳的红河猪中占比最大,在罗马的红河猪中拟杆菌目比其他分类群占优势。最后,在科水平上,来自两个地点的红河猪显示出相同科的存在,但丰度水平不同。我们的结果突出表明,肠道微生物群似乎反映了生活方式(即饮食),而年龄和宿主基因是双歧杆菌种群的驱动因素。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5cdc/10305278/c49f5d2b519a/microorganisms-11-01542-g001.jpg

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