Kępczyński Jan, Kępczyńska Ewa
Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Waska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 19;12(12):2378. doi: 10.3390/plants12122378.
Plant-derived smoke and smoke water (SW) can stimulate seed germination in numerous plants from fire-prone and fire-free areas, including cultivated plants and agricultural weeds. Smoke contains thousands of compounds; only several stimulants and inhibitors have been isolated from smoke. Among the six karrikins present in smoke, karrikin 1 (KAR) seems to be key for the stimulating effect of smoke. The discovery and activity of highly diluted SW and KAR at extremely low concentrations (even at ca. 10 M) inducing seed germination of a wide array of horticultural and agricultural plants have created tremendous opportunities for the use of these factors in pre-sowing seed treatment through smoke- or KAR-priming. This review presents examples of effects exerted by the two types of priming on seed germination and seedling emergence, growth, and development, as well as on the content of some compounds and enzyme activity. Seed biotechnology may involve both SW and KAR. Some examples demonstrate that SW and/or KAR increased the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis, somatic embryo germination and conversion to plantlets. It is also possible to stimulate in vitro seed germination by SW, which allows to use in orchid propagation.
植物源烟雾和烟雾水（SW）能刺激来自易发生火灾地区和无火灾地区的众多植物种子萌发，包括栽培植物和农业杂草。烟雾含有数千种化合物；仅从烟雾中分离出了几种刺激物和抑制剂。在烟雾中存在的六种卡里金中，卡里金1（KAR）似乎是烟雾刺激作用的关键。高度稀释的SW和极低浓度（甚至约10⁻¹² M）的KAR能诱导多种园艺和农业植物种子萌发，这一发现及活性为通过烟雾引发或KAR引发在播种前种子处理中利用这些因素创造了巨大机遇。本综述列举了这两种引发方式对种子萌发、幼苗出土、生长和发育以及某些化合物含量和酶活性的影响实例。种子生物技术可能涉及SW和KAR。一些实例表明，SW和/或KAR提高了体细胞胚胎发生、体细胞胚萌发及转化为植株的效率。用SW刺激离体种子萌发也是可行的，这使得其可用于兰花繁殖。
