Phillips A G, LePiane F G
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986 Jun;24(6):1577-82. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(86)90488-0.
Positive and negative contrast effects with brain-stimulation reward were inferred from significant differences in rate/intensity curves obtained by ascending, random and descending orders of current presentation. The neuroleptic drug pimozide caused a dose-related attenuation of both positive and negative contrast. A dose of 0.1 mg/kg blocked positive contrast obtained by comparing ascending and random rate/intensity curves. Negative contrast and threshold current intensities for brain-stimulation reward at sites in the ventral tegmental area were unaffected by the low dose (0.1 mg/kg) of pimozide. Higher doses of pimozide (0.25, 0.4 mg/kg) blocked both positive and negative contrast effects, and caused a significant elevation in threshold current intensities under the random order condition. Two doses (0.25, 0.4 mg/kg) of pimozide were associated with performance deficits as the response rates at the maximum current intensities were attenuated significantly with each order of current presentation. These demonstrations of both positive and negative contrast are consistent with the theoretical position linking brain-stimulation reward to incentive motivation. Furthermore the effects of the dopamine receptor antagonist pimozide are consistent with a role for dopamine in brain-stimulation reward and also raise the possibility of dopaminergic involvement in incentive contrast phenomena.
通过按电流呈现的升序、随机顺序和降序获得的速率/强度曲线的显著差异，推断出脑刺激奖励的正性和负性对比效应。抗精神病药物匹莫齐特导致正性和负性对比的剂量相关衰减。0.1mg/kg的剂量阻断了通过比较升序和随机速率/强度曲线获得的正性对比。腹侧被盖区部位脑刺激奖励的负性对比和阈值电流强度不受低剂量（0.1mg/kg）匹莫齐特的影响。更高剂量的匹莫齐特（0.25、0.4mg/kg）阻断了正性和负性对比效应，并在随机顺序条件下导致阈值电流强度显著升高。两剂量（0.25、0.4mg/kg）的匹莫齐特与行为缺陷相关，因为在每种电流呈现顺序下，最大电流强度时的反应速率均显著降低。这些正性和负性对比的证明与将脑刺激奖励与激励动机联系起来的理论观点一致。此外，多巴胺受体拮抗剂匹莫齐特的作用与多巴胺在脑刺激奖励中的作用一致，也增加了多巴胺能参与激励对比现象的可能性。
