From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology, and Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuernberg, Germany (M.L.); and the Division of X-ray Imaging and CT, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (M.K.).
Invest Radiol. 2023 Aug 1;58(8):587-601. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000995. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
Computed tomography (CT) dramatically improved the capabilities of diagnostic and interventional radiology. Starting in the early 1970s, this imaging modality is still evolving, although tremendous improvements in scan speed, volume coverage, spatial and soft tissue resolution, as well as dose reduction have been achieved. Tube current modulation, automated exposure control, anatomy-based tube voltage (kV) selection, advanced x-ray beam filtration, and iterative image reconstruction techniques improved image quality and decreased radiation exposure. Cardiac imaging triggered the demand for high temporal resolution, volume acquisition, and high pitch modes with electrocardiogram synchronization. Plaque imaging in cardiac CT as well as lung and bone imaging demand for high spatial resolution. Today, we see a transition of photon-counting detectors from experimental and research prototype setups into commercially available systems integrated in patient care. Moreover, with respect to CT technology and CT image formation, artificial intelligence is increasingly used in patient positioning, protocol adjustment, and image reconstruction, but also in image preprocessing or postprocessing. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the technical specifications of up-to-date available whole-body and dedicated CT systems, as well as hardware and software innovations for CT systems in the near future.
计算机断层扫描（CT）显著提高了诊断和介入放射学的能力。这种成像方式自 20 世纪 70 年代初开始发展至今，尽管在扫描速度、体积覆盖范围、空间和软组织分辨率以及剂量降低方面取得了巨大的进步。管电流调制、自动曝光控制、基于解剖结构的管电压（kV）选择、先进的 X 射线束过滤和迭代图像重建技术提高了图像质量并降低了辐射暴露。心脏成像引发了对高时间分辨率、大容量采集和高螺距模式的需求，同时需要与心电图同步。心脏 CT 中的斑块成像以及肺部和骨骼成像需要高空间分辨率。如今，我们看到光子计数探测器正在从实验和研究原型设备过渡到商业上可用的系统，并集成到患者护理中。此外，就 CT 技术和 CT 图像形成而言，人工智能越来越多地用于患者定位、方案调整和图像重建，也用于图像预处理或后处理。本文的目的是概述最新的全身和专用 CT 系统的技术规格，以及未来 CT 系统的硬件和软件创新。
