Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2023 Jul 10;9(7):3972-3986. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00364. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
Biobased nanoparticles are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanomedicine and biotherapeutics. Their unique size, shape, and biophysical properties make them attractive tools for biomedical research, including vaccination, targeted drug delivery, and immune therapy. These nanoparticles are engineered to present native cell receptors and proteins on their surfaces, providing a biomimicking camouflage for therapeutic cargo to evade rapid degradation, immune rejection, inflammation, and clearance. Despite showing promising clinical relevance, commercial implementation of these biobased nanoparticles is yet to be fully realized. In this perspective, we discuss advanced biobased nanoparticle designs used in medical applications, such as cell membrane nanoparticles, exosomes, and synthetic lipid-derived nanoparticles, and highlight their benefits and potential challenges. Moreover, we critically assess the future of preparing such particles using artificial intelligence and machine learning. These advanced computational tools will be able to predict the functional composition and behavior of the proteins and cell receptors present on the nanoparticle surfaces. With more advancement in designing new biobased nanoparticles, this field of research could play a key role in dictating the future rational design of drug transporters, thereby ultimately improving overall therapeutic outcomes.
生物基纳米颗粒处于快速发展的纳米医学和生物治疗领域的前沿。它们独特的大小、形状和生物物理特性使它们成为生物医学研究的有吸引力的工具，包括疫苗接种、靶向药物输送和免疫治疗。这些纳米颗粒经过设计，使其表面呈现天然的细胞受体和蛋白质，为治疗性货物提供了一种仿生伪装，以逃避快速降解、免疫排斥、炎症和清除。尽管显示出有希望的临床相关性，但这些生物基纳米颗粒的商业实施尚未完全实现。在本观点中，我们讨论了用于医疗应用的先进生物基纳米颗粒设计，例如细胞膜纳米颗粒、外泌体和合成脂质衍生的纳米颗粒，并强调了它们的益处和潜在挑战。此外，我们批判性地评估了使用人工智能和机器学习来制备这些颗粒的未来。这些先进的计算工具将能够预测存在于纳米颗粒表面的蛋白质和细胞受体的功能组成和行为。随着设计新型生物基纳米颗粒的进一步发展，这一研究领域可能在决定药物转运体的合理设计方面发挥关键作用，从而最终改善整体治疗效果。
