Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1412:27-49. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_2.
The appearance of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with increased infectivity and immune escape capabilities has allowed continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic for the foreseeable future. This review describes the worldwide efforts aimed at developing new vaccination and treatment strategies to keep pace with these variants as they emerge. In the case of vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics, we describe the development of variant-specific, multivalent, and universal coronavirus directed approaches. Existing treatment approaches consist of repurposed medicines, such as antiviral compounds and anti-inflammatory agents, although efforts are underway to develop new ways of preventing or minimizing the effects of infection with the use of small molecules that disrupt binding the SARS-CoV-2 virus to host cells. Finally, we discuss the preclinical and clinical testing of natural products from medicinal herbs and spices, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties and therefore show potential as novel and safe COVID-19 treatment approaches.
新的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）变种的出现，具有更高的传染性和免疫逃逸能力，使得 COVID-19 大流行在可预见的未来仍将持续。这篇综述描述了全球范围内为了跟上这些变种的出现而开发新的疫苗接种和治疗策略所做的努力。在疫苗和单克隆抗体治疗药物的情况下，我们描述了针对特定变种、多价和通用冠状病毒的方法的开发。现有的治疗方法包括重新利用的药物，如抗病毒化合物和抗炎药物，尽管正在努力开发新的方法，使用小分子来阻止 SARS-CoV-2 病毒与宿主细胞的结合，从而预防或最小化感染的影响。最后，我们讨论了从药用草药和香料中提取的天然产物的临床前和临床测试，这些天然产物具有抗炎和抗病毒特性，因此有潜力成为新型安全的 COVID-19 治疗方法。
