Division of Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 24, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair, Suite 2300, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 54, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Box 86, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2023 Aug;50(3):433-446. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.04.010. Epub 2023 May 19.
Differences of sex development (DSD) encompass a broad range of conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is not typically male or female. Terms used to describe DSD are controversial, and continuously evolving. An individualized, multidisciplinary approach is key to both the diagnosis and management of DSD. Recent advances in DSD care include expanded genetic testing options, a more nuanced approach to gonadal management, and an emphasis on shared decision-making, particularly related to external genital surgical procedures. The timing of DSD surgery is currently being questioned and debated in both medical and advocacy/activism spheres.
性发育差异（DSD）涵盖了一系列广泛的情况，其中染色体、性腺或解剖性别发育通常不是男性或女性。用于描述 DSD 的术语存在争议，并且在不断发展。个体化、多学科的方法是 DSD 诊断和管理的关键。DSD 护理的最新进展包括扩大遗传检测选项、更细致的性腺管理方法以及强调共同决策，特别是与外部生殖器手术相关的决策。DSD 手术的时机目前在医学和倡导/激进主义领域都受到质疑和争论。
