López-Ramírez Omar, González-Garrido Antonia
Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación de Asistencia Privada Conde de Valenciana, I.A.P., Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mendelianas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Physiol. 2023 Jun 14;14:1194948. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1194948. eCollection 2023.
Acid Sensing Ion Channels (ASIC) are proton sensors involved in several physiological and pathophysiological functions including synaptic plasticity, sensory systems and nociception. ASIC channels have been ubiquitously localized in neurons and play a role in their excitability. Information about ASIC channels in cardiomyocyte function is limited. Evidence indicates that ASIC subunits are expressed in both, plasma membrane and intracellular compartments of mammalian cardiomyocytes, suggesting unrevealing functions in the cardiomyocyte physiology. ASIC channels are expressed in neurons of the peripheral nervous system including the nodose and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), both innervating the heart, where they play a dual role as mechanosensors and chemosensors. In baroreceptor neurons from nodose ganglia, mechanosensation is directly associated with ASIC2a channels for detection of changes in arterial pressure. ASIC channels expressed in DRG neurons have several roles in the cardiovascular function. First, ASIC2a/3 channel has been proposed as the molecular sensor of cardiac ischemic pain for its pH range activation, kinetics and the sustained current. Second, ASIC1a seems to have a critical role in ischemia-induced injury. And third, ASIC1a, 2 and 3 are part of the metabolic component of the exercise pressure reflex (EPR). This review consists of a summary of several reports about the role of ASIC channels in the cardiovascular system and its innervation.
酸敏感离子通道（ASIC）是质子传感器，参与多种生理和病理生理功能，包括突触可塑性、感觉系统和伤害感受。ASIC通道已广泛定位于神经元中，并在其兴奋性中发挥作用。关于ASIC通道在心肌细胞功能方面的信息有限。有证据表明，ASIC亚基在哺乳动物心肌细胞的质膜和细胞内区室中均有表达，这表明其在心肌细胞生理学中具有尚未揭示的功能。ASIC通道在外周神经系统的神经元中表达，包括支配心脏的结状神经节和背根神经节（DRG），它们在其中作为机械传感器和化学传感器发挥双重作用。在结状神经节的压力感受器神经元中，机械感觉与用于检测动脉压变化的ASIC2a通道直接相关。DRG神经元中表达的ASIC通道在心血管功能中具有多种作用。首先，由于其pH范围激活、动力学和持续电流，ASIC2a/3通道已被认为是心脏缺血性疼痛的分子传感器。其次，ASIC1a似乎在缺血性损伤中起关键作用。第三，ASIC1a、2和3是运动压力反射（EPR）代谢成分的一部分。这篇综述总结了几篇关于ASIC通道在心血管系统及其神经支配中作用的报告。
