Martini Marco, Baggio Tommaso, D'Agostino Vincenzo
Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Oct 20;896:165221. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165221. Epub 2023 Jun 29.
Snow avalanches are gravitational processes characterised by the rapid movement of a snow mass, threatening inhabitants and damaging infrastructure in mountain areas. Such phenomena are complex events, and for this reason, different numerical models have been developed to reproduce their dynamics over a given topography. In this study, we focus on the two-dimensional numerical simulation tools RAMMS::AVALANCHE and FLO-2D, aiming to compare their performance in predicting the deposition area of snow avalanches. We also aim to assess the employment of the FLO-2D simulation model, normally used in water flood or mud/debris flow simulations, in predicting the motion of snow avalanches. For this purpose, two well-documented avalanche events that occurred in the Province of Bolzano (IT) were analyzed (Knollgraben, Pichler Erschbaum avalanches). The deposition area of each case study was simulated with both models through back-analysis processes. The simulation results were evaluated primarily by comparing the simulated deposition area with the observed one through statistical indices. Subsequently, the maximum flow depth, velocity and deposition depth were also compared between the simulation results. The results showed that RAMMS::AVALANCHE generally reproduced the observed deposits better compared to FLO-2D simulation. FLO-2D provided suitable results for wet and dry snow avalanches after a meticulous calibration of the rheological parameters, since they are not those typically considered in avalanche rheology studies. The results showed that FLO-2D can be used to study the propagation of snow avalanches and could also be adopted by practitioners to define hazard areas, expanding its field of application.
雪崩是一种重力作用过程，其特点是雪体快速移动，对山区居民构成威胁并破坏基础设施。此类现象是复杂事件，因此，已开发出不同的数值模型来再现其在给定地形上的动态。在本研究中，我们聚焦于二维数值模拟工具RAMMS::AVALANCHE和FLO - 2D，旨在比较它们在预测雪崩堆积区域方面的性能。我们还旨在评估通常用于洪水或泥石流模拟的FLO - 2D模拟模型在预测雪崩运动方面的应用情况。为此，分析了发生在意大利博尔扎诺省的两起有详细记录的雪崩事件（诺尔格拉本雪崩、皮希勒·埃施鲍姆雪崩）。通过反分析过程，用这两个模型对每个案例研究的堆积区域进行了模拟。主要通过统计指标将模拟的堆积区域与观测到的堆积区域进行比较来评估模拟结果。随后，还比较了模拟结果之间的最大流动深度、速度和堆积深度。结果表明，与FLO - 2D模拟相比，RAMMS::AVALANCHE通常能更好地再现观测到的堆积情况。在对流变参数进行细致校准后，FLO - 2D为湿雪和干雪雪崩提供了合适的结果，因为这些参数并非雪崩流变学研究中通常考虑的参数。结果表明，FLO - 2D可用于研究雪崩的传播，从业者也可采用该模型来确定危险区域，从而扩大其应用领域。
